[House Report 112-277]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
112th Congress Report
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
1st Session 112-277
======================================================================
NATIONAL RIGHT-TO-CARRY RECIPROCITY ACT OF 2011
_______
November 10, 2011.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on
the State of the Union and ordered to be printed
_______
Mr. Smith of Texas, from the Committee on the Judiciary,
submitted the following
R E P O R T
together with
DISSENTING VIEWS
[To accompany H.R. 822]
[Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office]
The Committee on the Judiciary, to whom was referred the
bill (H.R. 822) to amend title 18, United States Code, to
provide a national standard in accordance with which
nonresidents of a State may carry concealed firearms in the
State, having considered the same, report favorably thereon
with an amendment and recommend that the bill as amended do
pass.
CONTENTS
Page
The Amendment.................................................... 2
Purpose and Summary.............................................. 2
Background and Need for the Legislation.......................... 3
Hearings......................................................... 5
Committee Consideration.......................................... 6
Committee Votes.................................................. 6
Committee Oversight Findings..................................... 16
New Budget Authority and Tax Expenditures........................ 16
Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate........................ 16
Performance Goals and Objectives................................. 18
Advisory on Earmarks............................................. 18
Section-by-Section Analysis...................................... 18
Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported............ 18
Dissenting Views................................................. 19
The Amendment
The amendment is as follows:
Strike all after the enacting clause and insert the
following:
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``National Right-to-Carry Reciprocity
Act of 2011''.
SEC. 2. RECIPROCITY FOR THE CARRYING OF CERTAIN CONCEALED FIREARMS.
(a) In General.--Chapter 44 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended by inserting after section 926C the following:
``Sec. 926D. Reciprocity for the carrying of certain concealed firearms
``(a) Notwithstanding any provision of the law of any State or
political subdivision thereof (except as provided in subsection (b)), a
person who is not prohibited by Federal law from possessing,
transporting, shipping, or receiving a firearm, and who is carrying a
valid identification document containing a photograph of the person,
and a valid license or permit which is issued pursuant to the law of a
State and which permits the person to carry a concealed firearm, may
possess or carry a concealed handgun (other than a machinegun or
destructive device) that has been shipped or transported in interstate
or foreign commerce, in any State, other than the State of residence of
the person, that--
``(1) has a statute that allows residents of the State to
obtain licenses or permits to carry concealed firearms; or
``(2) does not prohibit the carrying of concealed firearms by
residents of the State for lawful purposes.
``(b) The possession or carrying of a concealed handgun in a State
under this section shall be subject to the same conditions and
limitations, except as to eligibility to possess or carry, imposed by
or under Federal or State law or the law of a political subdivision of
a State, that apply to the possession or carrying of a concealed
handgun by residents of the State or political subdivision who are
licensed by the State or political subdivision to do so, or not
prohibited by the State from doing so.
``(c) In subsection (a), the term `identification document' means a
document made or issued by or under the authority of the United States
Government, a State, or a political subdivision of a State which, when
completed with information concerning a particular individual, is of a
type intended or commonly accepted for the purpose of identification of
individuals.''.
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for such chapter is
amended by inserting after the item relating to section 926C the
following:
``926D. Reciprocity for the carrying of certain concealed firearms.''.
(c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall take
effect 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
SEC. 3. GAO AUDIT OF THE STATES' CONCEALED CARRY PERMIT OR LICENSING
REQUIREMENTS FOR NON-RESIDENTS.
(a) The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct an
audit of--
(1) the laws and regulations of each State that authorize the
issuance of a valid permit or license to permit a person, other
than a resident of such State, to possess or carry a concealed
firearm, including a description of the permitting or licensing
requirements of each State that issues concealed carry permits
or licenses to persons other than a resident of such State;
(2) the number of such valid permits or licenses issued or
denied (and the basis for such denials) by each State to
persons other than a resident of such State; and
(3) the effectiveness of such State laws and regulations in
protecting the public safety.
(b) Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act,
the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a report on the
findings of the study conducted under subsection (a).
Purpose and Summary
H.R. 822 allows persons with valid state-issued concealed
firearm permits or licenses to carry a concealed firearm in any
other state that also issues concealed firearm permits or
licenses, or in any other state that does not generally
prohibit the carrying of concealed firearms.
Background and Need for the Legislation
I. THE CURRENT STATUS OF CONCEALED CARRY LAWS
In a 2008 opinion striking down Washington D.C.'s district-
wide handgun ban, the U.S. Supreme Court recognized ``that the
Second Amendment conferred an individual right to keep and bear
arms'' that stems in large part from the right to protect
oneself, as well as ``one's home and family,'' from harm. See
District of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U.S. 570 (2008).
Specifically, the Heller decision found that the right to self
defense, as opposed to the creation of a militia or other
principles, ``was the central component of the right itself.''
Id. at 599 (emphasis in original). More recently, in McDonald
v. City of Chicago, 561 U.S. __, 130 S.Ct. 3020 (2010), the
Supreme Court clarified that the Second Amendment rights
discussed in Heller also extend to the states.
Forty-nine states currently permit concealed carry in some
manner. Thirty-five states have ``shall issue'' permit laws,
which generally require states to issue a concealed carry
permit or license to people who meet the legal requirements.
Ten states--plus the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, and Guam--
have ``may issue'' or discretionary permit laws that are
administered in varying ways. Four states--Vermont, Arizona,
Alaska, and Wyoming--permit the carrying of a concealed weapon
without any permit or license (although Arizona, Alaska, and
Wyoming also have a permitting process in place). Illinois, the
District of Columbia, the Northern Marianas Islands, and
American Samoa prohibit concealed carry.
Twenty-five states allow non-residents to apply for a
concealed carry permit or license, and Vermont allows non-
residents to carry without a permit while in the state. In most
instances, the process for permitting in-state and out-of-state
persons is the same. However, some states apply a stricter
permitting process to out-of-state residents, including
requiring that the person have a valid concealed carry permit
from their home state.
A majority of states currently extend reciprocal concealed
carry privileges to varying degrees to the residents of other
states. Fourteen states grant outright recognition of all valid
permits issued by another state. Ten states automatically
recognize permits from other states that also recognize their
permits. Sixteen states will recognize another state's
concealed carry permit if certain conditions are met. Only ten
states do not recognize a concealed carry permit issued by
another state in any circumstance, although many of these
states do allow non-residents to apply for permits to carry a
concealed handgun in the state.
Under current Federal law, certain active-duty and retired
law enforcement officers are permitted to carry concealed
firearms across state lines, even while off duty.\1\ In 2010,
Congress passed and President Obama signed legislation to
expand the categories of current and retired law enforcement
officers who are entitled to carry concealed weapons across
state lines.\2\ H.R. 822 would extend the ability to carry
concealed firearms across state lines to other law-abiding
citizens. President Obama also signed legislation in 2009 to
allow the carrying of concealed weapons in Federal parks.\3\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\See 18 U.S.C. Sec. Sec. 926B and 926C.
\2\See P.L. 111-272.
\3\See P.L. 111-24.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. EFFECTS OF CONCEALED CARRY ON PUBLIC SAFETY
While there is disagreement over the benefits of carrying
concealed weapons, many believe that robust concealed carry
laws ultimately deter crime by making criminal acts much more
risky and costly for potential law breakers. Statistics show a
connection between concealed carry laws and a decrease in
violent crime rates. The National Rifle Association estimates,
based on data from the FBI's Annual Uniform Crime Report, that
``right-to-carry'' states (i.e., those that widely allow
concealed carry) have 22 percent lower total violent crime
rates, 30 percent lower murder rates, 46 percent lower robbery
rates, and 12 percent lower aggravated assault rates, as
compared to the rest of the country.\4\ A study of the effect
of concealed carry laws on crime rates, published in 1997,
estimated that ``[w]hen state concealed handgun laws went into
effect in a county, murders fell by 7.65 percent, and rapes and
aggravated assaults fell by 5 and 7 percent.''\5\ The general
conclusion of this study, that concealed weapons deter crime,
has been replicated and confirmed by other scholars.\6\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\4\See http://www.nraila.org/Issues/FactSheets/
Read.aspx?id=189&issue=003.
\5\John R. Lott, Jr. and David B. Mustard, Crime, Deterrence, and
Right to Carry Concealed Handguns, 26 J. Legal Stud. 1, 19 (1997). This
study also found that concealed carry laws and the accompanying decline
in violence crime lead to significant financial savings. Id. at 64
(``The estimated annual gain in 1992 from allowing concealed handguns
was over $5.74 billion.'').
\6\See Don B. Kates, Would Banning Firearms Reduce Murder and
Suicide?, 30 Harv. J.L. & Pub. Pol'y 649, 658 n.30 (2007) (``Several
critics have now replicated Lott's work using additional or different
data, additional control variables, or new or different statistical
techniques they deem superior to those Lott used. Interestingly, the
replications all confirm Lott's general conclusions; some even find
that Lott underestimated the crime-reductive effects of allowing good
citizens to carry concealed guns.'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The use of firearms in self defense is prevalent. According
to the National Self Defense Survey, conducted by
criminologists from Florida State University, Americans use
guns in self defense an estimated 2.2 to 2.5 million times a
year, or every 13 seconds.\7\ This same study found that, in
general, simply brandishing a gun or firing a warning shot is
sufficient to defend against an attacker in most cases of self
defense involving a firearm. Only 24 percent of people surveyed
reported firing a gun in self defense, and just 8 percent
reported wounding an assailant with a gun.\8\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\7\See Gary Kleck & Marc Gertz, Armed Resistance to Crime: The
Prevalence and Nature of Self Defense with a Gun, 86 J. Crim. L. &
Criminology 150, 164 (1995).
\8\Id. at 173.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
There is also little evidence that law-abiding permit
holders are a threat to public safety. The state of Florida,
which has issued over 2 million concealed carry permits since
it adopted a ``right-to-carry'' law in 1987, has revoked just
6,400 permits (just 0.3 percent of the total issued permits)
and just 168 concealed carry permits were revoked due to the
use of a firearm in a crime (just 0.008 percent).\9\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\See Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services,
Division of Licensing, Concealed Weapon/Firearm Summary Report, http://
licgweb.doacs.state.fl.us/stats/cw_ monthly.html.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
III. NATIONAL RECIPROCITY UNDER H.R. 822
H.R. 822 would allow persons with valid state-issued
concealed firearm permits or licenses to carry a concealed
firearm in all other states that also issue concealed firearm
permits or licenses, or in any other state that does not
generally prohibit the carrying of concealed firearms. This
legislation would not create a national licensing scheme, but
rather would require states that currently permit people to
carry concealed firearms to recognize other states' valid
concealed carry permits.
H.R. 822, as clarified by the substitute manager's
amendment, does not affect a state's ability to set eligibility
requirements for its own residents. The bill instead makes
clear that a person cannot use this Federal grant of
reciprocity to carry a concealed weapon in his or her own state
of residence under another state's permit or license, unless
their own state's laws permit this. H.R. 822 also does not
impact state laws governing how concealed firearms are
possessed or carried within the various states. All state,
federal, and local laws regarding the possession and carrying
of a concealed handgun that would apply to a resident of a
state will also apply in equal force to a non-resident. A non-
resident who is able to show both a valid identification
document and a valid concealed carry permit or license will be
permitted to carry a concealed firearm in the same manner as a
resident holding a general-use permit or license.
H.R. 822 addresses concerns regarding law enforcement's
ability to confirm the validity of an out-of-state concealed
carry permit by requiring that a person show both a valid
government-issued identification document, such as a license or
passport, and a valid concealed carry license or permit. The
states are also currently able to verify the validity of out-
of-state concealed permits. The Nlets system, formerly the
National Law Enforcement Teletype System, permits federal,
state, and local law enforcement to query handgun permit
information for 12 states that have elected to participate in
the program. Law enforcement can also use Nlets to send
inquiries regarding concealed carry permits directly to out-of-
state agencies that issue permits but do not participate in the
Nlets concealed carry program. Forty states currently grant
some form of reciprocity for out-of-state concealed carry
permits and all of the states are subject to the Firearms
Owners` Protection Act's Safe Passage Provision, codified at 18
U.S.C. Sec. 926A, which provides a process by which non-
residents can transport lawful firearms through states where
they could not otherwise carry the firearm. Accordingly, law
enforcement is already very familiar with handling and
verifying firearms carried by non-residents.
Hearings
The Committee's Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and
Homeland Security held 1 day of hearings on H.R. 822 on
September 13, 2011. Testimony was received from Joyce Lee
Malcolm, Professor, George Mason University School of Law;
David Kopel, Research Director, Independence Institute and
Adjunct Professor, Denver University Sturm College of Law; and
Philadelphia Police Commissioner Charles Ramsey, with
additional material submitted by the International Association
of Chiefs of Police, Mayors Against Illegal Guns, the Minnesota
Chiefs of Police, and the Virginia Association of Chiefs of
Police.
Committee Consideration
On October 25, the Committee met in open session and
ordered the bill H.R. 822 favorably reported, with an
amendment, by a rollcall vote of 19 to 11, a quorum being
present.
Committee Votes
In compliance with clause 3(b) of rule XIII of the Rules of
the House of Representatives, the Committee advises that the
following rollcall votes occurred during the Committee's
consideration of H.R. 822.
1. An amendment by Mr. Conyers to strike the provision
stating that state eligibility requirements do not apply to
non-residents. Failed 12 to 18.
ROLLCALL NO. 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ayes Nays Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Smith, Chairman............................................. X
Mr. Sensenbrenner, Jr...........................................
Mr. Coble....................................................... X
Mr. Gallegly.................................................... X
Mr. Goodlatte................................................... X
Mr. Lungren..................................................... X
Mr. Chabot...................................................... X
Mr. Issa........................................................
Mr. Pence.......................................................
Mr. Forbes...................................................... X
Mr. King........................................................ X
Mr. Franks...................................................... X
Mr. Gohmert..................................................... X
Mr. Jordan...................................................... X
Mr. Poe......................................................... X
Mr. Chaffetz.................................................... X
Mr. Griffin..................................................... X
Mr. Marino...................................................... X
Mr. Gowdy....................................................... X
Mr. Ross........................................................
Ms. Adams....................................................... X
Mr. Quayle...................................................... X
Mr. Amodei......................................................
Mr. Conyers, Jr., Ranking Member................................ X
Mr. Berman...................................................... X
Mr. Nadler...................................................... X
Mr. Scott....................................................... X
Mr. Watt........................................................ X
Ms. Lofgren..................................................... X
Ms. Jackson Lee................................................. X
Ms. Waters...................................................... X
Mr. Cohen....................................................... X
Mr. Johnson..................................................... X
Mr. Pierluisi................................................... X
Mr. Quigley.....................................................
Ms. Chu......................................................... X
Mr. Deutch......................................................
Ms. Sanchez.....................................................
(Vacant)........................................................
-----------------------------------------------
Total....................................................... 12 18
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. An amendment by Mr. Gohmert to add the District of
Columbia to jurisdictions eligible for reciprocity for the
carrying of concealed firearms. Failed 3 to 24, with one Member
reported as present.
ROLLCALL NO. 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ayes Nays Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Smith, Chairman............................................. X
Mr. Sensenbrenner, Jr...........................................
Mr. Coble....................................................... X
Mr. Gallegly.................................................... X
Mr. Goodlatte................................................... X
Mr. Lungren..................................................... X
Mr. Chabot......................................................
Mr. Issa........................................................
Mr. Pence.......................................................
Mr. Forbes...................................................... X
Mr. King........................................................ X
Mr. Franks...................................................... X
Mr. Gohmert..................................................... X
Mr. Jordan...................................................... X
Mr. Poe......................................................... X
Mr. Chaffetz.................................................... X
Mr. Griffin..................................................... X
Mr. Marino...................................................... X
Mr. Gowdy....................................................... X
Mr. Ross........................................................
Ms. Adams....................................................... X
Mr. Quayle...................................................... X
Mr. Amodei...................................................... X
Mr. Conyers, Jr., Ranking Member................................ X
Mr. Berman......................................................
Mr. Nadler...................................................... X
Mr. Scott....................................................... X
Mr. Watt........................................................ X
Ms. Lofgren..................................................... X
Ms. Jackson Lee................................................. X
Ms. Waters...................................................... X
Mr. Cohen....................................................... X
Mr. Johnson.....................................................
Mr. Pierluisi................................................... X
Mr. Quigley..................................................... X
Ms. Chu.........................................................
Mr. Deutch......................................................
Ms. Sanchez.....................................................
(Vacant)........................................................
-----------------------------------------------
Total....................................................... 3 24 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. An amendment by Mr. Nadler to apply State law regarding
the possession and carrying of concealed handguns for those
convicted of a sex offense against a child. Failed 11 to 17.
ROLLCALL NO. 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ayes Nays Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Smith, Chairman............................................. X
Mr. Sensenbrenner, Jr........................................... X
Mr. Coble....................................................... X
Mr. Gallegly.................................................... X
Mr. Goodlatte................................................... X
Mr. Lungren..................................................... X
Mr. Chabot......................................................
Mr. Issa........................................................
Mr. Pence.......................................................
Mr. Forbes...................................................... X
Mr. King........................................................ X
Mr. Franks...................................................... X
Mr. Gohmert.....................................................
Mr. Jordan...................................................... X
Mr. Poe......................................................... X
Mr. Chaffetz.................................................... X
Mr. Griffin..................................................... X
Mr. Marino...................................................... X
Mr. Gowdy....................................................... X
Mr. Ross........................................................
Ms. Adams....................................................... X
Mr. Quayle...................................................... X
Mr. Amodei...................................................... X
Mr. Conyers, Jr., Ranking Member................................ X
Mr. Berman......................................................
Mr. Nadler...................................................... X
Mr. Scott....................................................... X
Mr. Watt........................................................ X
Ms. Lofgren..................................................... X
Ms. Jackson Lee.................................................
Ms. Waters......................................................
Mr. Cohen....................................................... X
Mr. Johnson..................................................... X
Mr. Pierluisi................................................... X
Mr. Quigley..................................................... X
Ms. Chu......................................................... X
Mr. Deutch......................................................
Ms. Sanchez.....................................................
(Vacant)........................................................
-----------------------------------------------
Total....................................................... 11 17
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. An amendment by Mr. Nadler to prohibit someone known or
suspected to be a terrorist from possessing or carrying a
handgun under the bill. Failed 10 to 19.
ROLLCALL NO. 4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ayes Nays Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Smith, Chairman............................................. X
Mr. Sensenbrenner, Jr........................................... X
Mr. Coble.......................................................
Mr. Gallegly.................................................... X
Mr. Goodlatte...................................................
Mr. Lungren..................................................... X
Mr. Chabot...................................................... X
Mr. Issa........................................................
Mr. Pence....................................................... X
Mr. Forbes...................................................... X
Mr. King........................................................ X
Mr. Franks...................................................... X
Mr. Gohmert.....................................................
Mr. Jordan...................................................... X
Mr. Poe......................................................... X
Mr. Chaffetz.................................................... X
Mr. Griffin..................................................... X
Mr. Marino...................................................... X
Mr. Gowdy....................................................... X
Mr. Ross........................................................ X
Ms. Adams....................................................... X
Mr. Quayle...................................................... X
Mr. Amodei...................................................... X
Mr. Conyers, Jr., Ranking Member................................
Mr. Berman......................................................
Mr. Nadler...................................................... X
Mr. Scott....................................................... X
Mr. Watt........................................................ X
Ms. Lofgren..................................................... X
Ms. Jackson Lee................................................. X
Ms. Waters......................................................
Mr. Cohen.......................................................
Mr. Johnson..................................................... X
Mr. Pierluisi................................................... X
Mr. Quigley..................................................... X
Ms. Chu......................................................... X
Mr. Deutch...................................................... X
Ms. Sanchez.....................................................
(Vacant)........................................................
-----------------------------------------------
Total....................................................... 10 19
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. An amendment by Ms. Jackson Lee to subject anyone
convicted of stalking or unlawful surveillance to any state
laws that limit their ability to possess or carry a concealed
weapon. Failed 9 to 15.
ROLLCALL NO. 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ayes Nays Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Smith, Chairman............................................. X
Mr. Sensenbrenner, Jr........................................... X
Mr. Coble.......................................................
Mr. Gallegly.................................................... X
Mr. Goodlatte...................................................
Mr. Lungren..................................................... X
Mr. Chabot...................................................... X
Mr. Issa........................................................
Mr. Pence....................................................... X
Mr. Forbes...................................................... X
Mr. King........................................................ X
Mr. Franks...................................................... X
Mr. Gohmert.....................................................
Mr. Jordan......................................................
Mr. Poe.........................................................
Mr. Chaffetz.................................................... X
Mr. Griffin..................................................... X
Mr. Marino...................................................... X
Mr. Gowdy....................................................... X
Mr. Ross........................................................ X
Ms. Adams.......................................................
Mr. Quayle...................................................... X
Mr. Amodei......................................................
Mr. Conyers, Jr., Ranking Member................................
Mr. Berman......................................................
Mr. Nadler...................................................... X
Mr. Scott....................................................... X
Mr. Watt........................................................ X
Ms. Lofgren..................................................... X
Ms. Jackson Lee................................................. X
Ms. Waters......................................................
Mr. Cohen.......................................................
Mr. Johnson..................................................... X
Mr. Pierluisi................................................... X
Mr. Quigley..................................................... X
Ms. Chu.........................................................
Mr. Deutch...................................................... X
Ms. Sanchez.....................................................
(Vacant)........................................................
-----------------------------------------------
Total....................................................... 9 15
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. An amendment by Mr. Johnson to require the possession or
carrying of a concealed handgun in a state to be subject to
that state's law regarding concealed carry by any person
subject to a domestic violence protection order within the past
10 years. Failed 12 to 14.
ROLLCALL NO. 6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ayes Nays Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Smith, Chairman............................................. X
Mr. Sensenbrenner, Jr...........................................
Mr. Coble....................................................... X
Mr. Gallegly.................................................... X
Mr. Goodlatte...................................................
Mr. Lungren..................................................... X
Mr. Chabot...................................................... X
Mr. Issa........................................................
Mr. Pence.......................................................
Mr. Forbes...................................................... X
Mr. King........................................................ X
Mr. Franks...................................................... X
Mr. Gohmert.....................................................
Mr. Jordan......................................................
Mr. Poe.........................................................
Mr. Chaffetz.................................................... X
Mr. Griffin..................................................... X
Mr. Marino...................................................... X
Mr. Gowdy....................................................... X
Mr. Ross........................................................ X
Ms. Adams....................................................... X
Mr. Quayle......................................................
Mr. Amodei......................................................
Mr. Conyers, Jr., Ranking Member................................ X
Mr. Berman......................................................
Mr. Nadler...................................................... X
Mr. Scott....................................................... X
Mr. Watt........................................................ X
Ms. Lofgren..................................................... X
Ms. Jackson Lee................................................. X
Ms. Waters......................................................
Mr. Cohen....................................................... X
Mr. Johnson..................................................... X
Mr. Pierluisi...................................................
Mr. Quigley..................................................... X
Ms. Chu......................................................... X
Mr. Deutch...................................................... X
Ms. Sanchez..................................................... X
(Vacant)........................................................
-----------------------------------------------
Total....................................................... 12 14
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. An amendment by Mr. Quigley on behalf of Mr. Pierluisi
to require that a permit to carry a concealed firearm include
the permit holder's full legal name, date of birth, gender,
digital photograph, address of principal residence, and
signature; the permit's unique issuance number; and physical
security features. Failed 12 to 15.
ROLLCALL NO. 7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ayes Nays Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Smith, Chairman............................................. X
Mr. Sensenbrenner, Jr...........................................
Mr. Coble.......................................................
Mr. Gallegly.................................................... X
Mr. Goodlatte...................................................
Mr. Lungren..................................................... X
Mr. Chabot...................................................... X
Mr. Issa........................................................
Mr. Pence.......................................................
Mr. Forbes...................................................... X
Mr. King........................................................ X
Mr. Franks...................................................... X
Mr. Gohmert.....................................................
Mr. Jordan......................................................
Mr. Poe......................................................... X
Mr. Chaffetz.................................................... X
Mr. Griffin..................................................... X
Mr. Marino...................................................... X
Mr. Gowdy....................................................... X
Mr. Ross........................................................ X
Ms. Adams....................................................... X
Mr. Quayle......................................................
Mr. Amodei...................................................... X
Mr. Conyers, Jr., Ranking Member................................ X
Mr. Berman......................................................
Mr. Nadler...................................................... X
Mr. Scott....................................................... X
Mr. Watt........................................................ X
Ms. Lofgren..................................................... X
Ms. Jackson Lee................................................. X
Ms. Waters......................................................
Mr. Cohen....................................................... X
Mr. Johnson..................................................... X
Mr. Pierluisi...................................................
Mr. Quigley..................................................... X
Ms. Chu......................................................... X
Mr. Deutch...................................................... X
Ms. Sanchez..................................................... X
(Vacant)........................................................
-----------------------------------------------
Total....................................................... 12 15
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. An amendment by Mr. Quigley to require to possession or
carrying of a concealed handgun in a State be subject to any
State law limiting the eligibility to possess or carry a
concealed handgun for anyone convicted of assaulted or
impersonating a law enforcement officer. Failed 11 to 16.
ROLLCALL NO. 8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ayes Nays Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Smith, Chairman............................................. X
Mr. Sensenbrenner, Jr........................................... X
Mr. Coble.......................................................
Mr. Gallegly....................................................
Mr. Goodlatte................................................... X
Mr. Lungren..................................................... X
Mr. Chabot...................................................... X
Mr. Issa........................................................ X
Mr. Pence.......................................................
Mr. Forbes...................................................... X
Mr. King........................................................
Mr. Franks...................................................... X
Mr. Gohmert..................................................... X
Mr. Jordan......................................................
Mr. Poe.........................................................
Mr. Chaffetz.................................................... X
Mr. Griffin..................................................... X
Mr. Marino...................................................... X
Mr. Gowdy....................................................... X
Mr. Ross........................................................ X
Ms. Adams.......................................................
Mr. Quayle...................................................... X
Mr. Amodei...................................................... X
Mr. Conyers, Jr., Ranking Member................................ X
Mr. Berman......................................................
Mr. Nadler...................................................... X
Mr. Scott....................................................... X
Mr. Watt........................................................ X
Ms. Lofgren..................................................... X
Ms. Jackson Lee.................................................
Ms. Waters......................................................
Mr. Cohen....................................................... X
Mr. Johnson..................................................... X
Mr. Pierluisi...................................................
Mr. Quigley..................................................... X
Ms. Chu......................................................... X
Mr. Deutch...................................................... X
Ms. Sanchez..................................................... X
(Vacant)........................................................
-----------------------------------------------
Total....................................................... 11 16
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. An amendment by Ms. Chu to require that the possession
of carrying of a concealed handgun in a state be subject to
that state's law regarding concealed carry by someone convicted
of selling a controlled substance to a minor. Failed 11 to 17.
ROLLCALL NO. 9
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ayes Nays Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Smith, Chairman............................................. X
Mr. Sensenbrenner, Jr........................................... X
Mr. Coble.......................................................
Mr. Gallegly....................................................
Mr. Goodlatte................................................... X
Mr. Lungren..................................................... X
Mr. Chabot...................................................... X
Mr. Issa........................................................ X
Mr. Pence.......................................................
Mr. Forbes...................................................... X
Mr. King........................................................ X
Mr. Franks...................................................... X
Mr. Gohmert.....................................................
Mr. Jordan......................................................
Mr. Poe......................................................... X
Mr. Chaffetz.................................................... X
Mr. Griffin..................................................... X
Mr. Marino...................................................... X
Mr. Gowdy....................................................... X
Mr. Ross........................................................ X
Ms. Adams.......................................................
Mr. Quayle...................................................... X
Mr. Amodei...................................................... X
Mr. Conyers, Jr., Ranking Member................................ X
Mr. Berman......................................................
Mr. Nadler...................................................... X
Mr. Scott....................................................... X
Mr. Watt........................................................ X
Ms. Lofgren..................................................... X
Ms. Jackson Lee.................................................
Ms. Waters...................................................... X
Mr. Cohen....................................................... X
Mr. Johnson..................................................... X
Mr. Pierluisi...................................................
Mr. Quigley..................................................... X
Ms. Chu......................................................... X
Mr. Deutch......................................................
Ms. Sanchez..................................................... X
(Vacant)........................................................
-----------------------------------------------
Total....................................................... 11 17
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. An amendment by Mr. Lungren to require a GAO audit of
the laws of each state that issues concealed carry permits or
licenses to non-residents. Passed 13 to 8.
ROLLCALL NO. 10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ayes Nays Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Smith, Chairman............................................. X
Mr. Sensenbrenner, Jr...........................................
Mr. Coble.......................................................
Mr. Gallegly....................................................
Mr. Goodlatte................................................... X
Mr. Lungren..................................................... X
Mr. Chabot...................................................... X
Mr. Issa........................................................ X
Mr. Pence.......................................................
Mr. Forbes...................................................... X
Mr. King........................................................ X
Mr. Franks...................................................... X
Mr. Gohmert.....................................................
Mr. Jordan......................................................
Mr. Poe.........................................................
Mr. Chaffetz.................................................... X
Mr. Griffin..................................................... X
Mr. Marino...................................................... X
Mr. Gowdy....................................................... X
Mr. Ross........................................................
Ms. Adams.......................................................
Mr. Quayle...................................................... X
Mr. Amodei...................................................... X
Mr. Conyers, Jr., Ranking Member................................ X
Mr. Berman......................................................
Mr. Nadler...................................................... X
Mr. Scott....................................................... X
Mr. Watt........................................................ X
Ms. Lofgren.....................................................
Ms. Jackson Lee.................................................
Ms. Waters...................................................... X
Mr. Cohen.......................................................
Mr. Johnson..................................................... X
Mr. Pierluisi...................................................
Mr. Quigley.....................................................
Ms. Chu.........................................................
Mr. Deutch......................................................
Ms. Sanchez..................................................... X
(Vacant)........................................................
-----------------------------------------------
Total....................................................... 13 8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. An amendment by Mr. Cohen to limit the reciprocity
extended by H.R. 822 to persons over the age of 21. Failed 4 to
12.
ROLLCALL NO. 11
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ayes Nays Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Smith, Chairman............................................. X
Mr. Sensenbrenner, Jr........................................... X
Mr. Coble.......................................................
Mr. Gallegly....................................................
Mr. Goodlatte................................................... X
Mr. Lungren.....................................................
Mr. Chabot...................................................... X
Mr. Issa........................................................
Mr. Pence.......................................................
Mr. Forbes...................................................... X
Mr. King........................................................ X
Mr. Franks...................................................... X
Mr. Gohmert.....................................................
Mr. Jordan......................................................
Mr. Poe.........................................................
Mr. Chaffetz.................................................... X
Mr. Griffin..................................................... X
Mr. Marino...................................................... X
Mr. Gowdy.......................................................
Mr. Ross........................................................
Ms. Adams....................................................... X
Mr. Quayle...................................................... X
Mr. Amodei......................................................
Mr. Conyers, Jr., Ranking Member................................
Mr. Berman......................................................
Mr. Nadler......................................................
Mr. Scott....................................................... X
Mr. Watt........................................................
Ms. Lofgren.....................................................
Ms. Jackson Lee................................................. X
Ms. Waters......................................................
Mr. Cohen....................................................... X
Mr. Johnson..................................................... X
Mr. Pierluisi...................................................
Mr. Quigley.....................................................
Ms. Chu.........................................................
Mr. Deutch......................................................
Ms. Sanchez.....................................................
(Vacant)........................................................
-----------------------------------------------
Total....................................................... 4 12
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. An amendment by Ms. Jackson Lee to require states to
maintain a database of all concealed carry permits and licenses
issued by the states and make that database available to law
enforcement 24-hours a day. Failed 3 to 12.
ROLLCALL NO. 12
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ayes Nays Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Smith, Chairman............................................. X
Mr. Sensenbrenner, Jr........................................... X
Mr. Coble.......................................................
Mr. Gallegly....................................................
Mr. Goodlatte................................................... X
Mr. Lungren.....................................................
Mr. Chabot...................................................... X
Mr. Issa........................................................
Mr. Pence.......................................................
Mr. Forbes...................................................... X
Mr. King........................................................ X
Mr. Franks...................................................... X
Mr. Gohmert.....................................................
Mr. Jordan......................................................
Mr. Poe.........................................................
Mr. Chaffetz.................................................... X
Mr. Griffin..................................................... X
Mr. Marino...................................................... X
Mr. Gowdy.......................................................
Mr. Ross........................................................
Ms. Adams....................................................... X
Mr. Quayle...................................................... X
Mr. Amodei......................................................
Mr. Conyers, Jr., Ranking Member................................
Mr. Berman......................................................
Mr. Nadler......................................................
Mr. Scott....................................................... X
Mr. Watt........................................................
Ms. Lofgren.....................................................
Ms. Jackson Lee................................................. X
Ms. Waters......................................................
Mr. Cohen.......................................................
Mr. Johnson..................................................... X
Mr. Pierluisi...................................................
Mr. Quigley.....................................................
Ms. Chu.........................................................
Mr. Deutch......................................................
Ms. Sanchez.....................................................
(Vacant)........................................................
-----------------------------------------------
Total....................................................... 3 12
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. Motion to report H.R. 822 favorably, as amended. Passed
19 to 11.
ROLLCALL NO. 13
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ayes Nays Present
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mr. Smith, Chairman............................................. X
Mr. Sensenbrenner, Jr........................................... X
Mr. Coble....................................................... X
Mr. Gallegly....................................................
Mr. Goodlatte................................................... X
Mr. Lungren..................................................... X
Mr. Chabot...................................................... X
Mr. Issa........................................................ X
Mr. Pence.......................................................
Mr. Forbes...................................................... X
Mr. King........................................................ X
Mr. Franks...................................................... X
Mr. Gohmert.....................................................
Mr. Jordan...................................................... X
Mr. Poe......................................................... X
Mr. Chaffetz.................................................... X
Mr. Griffin..................................................... X
Mr. Marino...................................................... X
Mr. Gowdy....................................................... X
Mr. Ross........................................................ X
Ms. Adams....................................................... X
Mr. Quayle...................................................... X
Mr. Amodei...................................................... X
Mr. Conyers, Jr., Ranking Member................................ X
Mr. Berman...................................................... X
Mr. Nadler...................................................... X
Mr. Scott....................................................... X
Mr. Watt........................................................
Ms. Lofgren.....................................................
Ms. Jackson Lee.................................................
Ms. Waters...................................................... X
Mr. Cohen....................................................... X
Mr. Johnson..................................................... X
Mr. Pierluisi................................................... X
Mr. Quigley..................................................... X
Ms. Chu......................................................... X
Mr. Deutch......................................................
Ms. Sanchez.....................................................
(Vacant)........................................................
-----------------------------------------------
Total....................................................... 19 11
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Committee Oversight Findings
In compliance with clause 3(c)(1) of rule XIII of the Rules
of the House of Representatives, the Committee advises that the
findings and recommendations of the Committee, based on
oversight activities under clause 2(b)(1) of rule X of the
Rules of the House of Representatives, are incorporated in the
descriptive portions of this report.
New Budget Authority and Tax Expenditures
Clause 3(c)(2) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of
Representatives is inapplicable because this legislation does
not provide new budgetary authority or increased tax
expenditures.
Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate
In compliance with clause 3(c)(3) of rule XIII of the Rules
of the House of Representatives, the Committee sets forth, with
respect to the bill, H.R. 822, the following estimate and
comparison prepared by the Director of the Congressional Budget
Office under section 402 of the Congressional Budget Act of
1974:
U.S. Congress,
Congressional Budget Office,
Washington, DC, November 4, 2011.
Hon. Lamar Smith, Chairman,
Committee on the Judiciary,
House of Representatives, Washington, DC.
Dear Mr. Chairman: The Congressional Budget Office has
prepared the enclosed cost estimate for H.R. 822, the
``National Right-to-Carry Reciprocity Act of 2011.''
If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be
pleased to provide them. The CBO staff contact is Mark
Grabowicz, who can be reached at 226-2860.
Sincerely,
Douglas W. Elmendorf,
Director.
Enclosure
cc:
Honorable John Conyers, Jr.
Ranking Member
H.R. 822--National Right-to-Carry Reciprocity Act of 2011.
As ordered reported by the House Committee on the Judiciary on
October 25, 2011
H.R. 822 would permit persons who are authorized to carry
concealed firearms in their state of residence to carry
concealed handguns in other states, under certain
circumstances. The bill also would require the Government
Accountability Office (GAO) to submit to the Congress a study
on the laws and regulations of states that currently authorize
nonresidents to carry concealed handguns.
Based on the costs of similar GAO activities, CBO estimates
that implementing H.R. 822 would have no significant cost to
the Federal Government. Enacting the bill would not affect
direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go
procedures do not apply.
H.R. 822 would impose an intergovernmental mandate as
defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) by
preempting some state laws that limit the ability of
nonresidents to carry concealed weapons. Laws allowing
individuals to carry concealed weapons vary from state to state
and range from allowing anyone to carry such weapons without a
permit to prohibiting nonresidents from carrying concealed
weapons and requiring residents to complete training and meet
other conditions before obtaining a permit. Some states
recognize permits issued by other states and some do not. If
enacted, the bill would require states that currently do not
recognize permits to carry concealed weapons issued by other
states to recognize those permits for nonresidents. The costs
for states to comply with that mandate would include the cost
to change protocols and train law enforcement officers.
The bill also could result in the loss of revenue for some
states. Currently, some states issue permits to nonresidents
and charge fees ranging from $20 to $140 for those permits. If
this bill is enacted and individuals have a permit to carry
concealed weapons from their resident state, they would no
longer need to purchase nonresident permits in other states
they visit. There is no data on how many individuals this may
affect, but the loss to states that issue nonresident permits
could total a few million dollars annually.
CBO estimates that the total costs for states to comply
with the preemption, including the training costs for law
enforcement and the lost revenue from the nonresident permit
fees, would be small and would not exceed the threshold
established in UMRA ($71 million in 2011, adjusted annually for
inflation).
H.R. 822 contains no private-sector mandates as defined in
UMRA.
The CBO staff contacts for this estimate are Mark Grabowicz
(for Federal costs) and Melissa Merrell (for the
intergovernmental impact). The estimate was approved by Theresa
Gullo, Deputy Assistant Director for Budget Analysis.
Performance Goals and Objectives
The Committee states that pursuant to clause 3(c)(4) of
rule XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives, H.R.
822 allows persons with valid state-issued concealed firearm
permits or licenses to carry a concealed firearm in any other
state that also issues concealed firearm permits or licenses,
or in any other state that does not generally prohibit the
carrying of concealed firearms.
Advisory on Earmarks
In accordance with clause 9 of rule XXI of the Rules of the
House of Representatives, H.R. 822 does not contain any
congressional earmarks, limited tax benefits, or limited tariff
benefits as defined in clause 9(e), 9(f), or 9(g) of Rule XXI.
Section-by-Section Analysis
The following discussion describes the bill as reported by
the Committee.
Section 1. Short Title. Section 1 states that H.R. 822 may
be cited as the ``National Right-to-Carry Reciprocity Act of
2011.''
Section 2. Reciprocity for the Carrying of Certain
Concealed Firearms. This section amends Chapter 44 of title 18
of the U.S. Code to insert after Section 926C a provision to
provide reciprocity for the carrying of certain concealed
firearms across state lines. This legislation would allow any
person with a valid state-issued concealed firearm permit or
license and a valid government-issued identification document
to carry a concealed firearm in any other state that either
issues concealed firearm permits, or that does not prohibit the
carrying of concealed firearms. Section 2 further provides that
the laws of a state or political subdivision regarding the
possession or carrying of concealed firearms would continue to
apply within its borders, as well as any Federal laws that
apply to residents of a state. Section 2 also defines
``identification document'' and provides that the effective
date of the bill is 90 says after the enactment of the Act.
Section 3. GAO Audit of the States' Concealed Carry Permit
of Licensing Requirements for Non-Residents. This section
directs the Comptroller General to audit the laws of each state
that issues concealed carry permits or licenses to non-
residents, the number of permits issued to non-residents by
these states, and the effectiveness of these laws in protecting
the public safety. This audit is due not more than 1-year after
enactment of H.R. 822.
Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported
In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of
the House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (new matter is
printed in italic and existing law in which no change is
proposed is shown in roman):
TITLE 18, UNITED STATES CODE
PART I--CRIMES
* * * * * * *
CHAPTER 44--FIREARMS
Sec.
921. Definitions.
* * * * * * *
926D. Reciprocity for the carrying of certain concealed firearms.
* * * * * * *
Sec. 926D. Reciprocity for the carrying of certain concealed firearms
(a) Notwithstanding any provision of the law of any State or
political subdivision thereof (except as provided in subsection
(b)), a person who is not prohibited by Federal law from
possessing, transporting, shipping, or receiving a firearm, and
who is carrying a valid identification document containing a
photograph of the person, and a valid license or permit which
is issued pursuant to the law of a State and which permits the
person to carry a concealed firearm, may possess or carry a
concealed handgun (other than a machinegun or destructive
device) that has been shipped or transported in interstate or
foreign commerce, in any State, other than the State of
residence of the person, that--
(1) has a statute that allows residents of the State
to obtain licenses or permits to carry concealed
firearms; or
(2) does not prohibit the carrying of concealed
firearms by residents of the State for lawful purposes.
(b) The possession or carrying of a concealed handgun in a
State under this section shall be subject to the same
conditions and limitations, except as to eligibility to possess
or carry, imposed by or under Federal or State law or the law
of a political subdivision of a State, that apply to the
possession or carrying of a concealed handgun by residents of
the State or political subdivision who are licensed by the
State or political subdivision to do so, or not prohibited by
the State from doing so.
(c) In subsection (a), the term ``identification document''
means a document made or issued by or under the authority of
the United States Government, a State, or a political
subdivision of a State which, when completed with information
concerning a particular individual, is of a type intended or
commonly accepted for the purpose of identification of
individuals.
* * * * * * *