1a. Objectives (from AD-416):
1) Measure and characterize the emission and vertical profile of ozone, particulate matter (PM), selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ammonia, and greenhouse gases (GHGs) from dairies in California. 2) Characterize reactions of select VOCs for the formation of ozone in reaction chambers.

1b. Approach (from AD-416):
1) Measurement of the concentration profiles of PM in a commercial dairy - within facility and vertical profile from the downwind locations from the facilities. 2) Measurement of the concentration profiles of greenhouse gases (i.e., CO2, N2O, CH4) and selected VOCs (i.e., volatile fatty acids, alcohols, phenols, etc.) - within facility and vertical profile from the facilities. a. Canisters/Sorbent tubes – for VOCs b. Canisters for methane/N2O/CO2 c. Lasers and passive samplers for ammonia 3) Characterization of VOCs sorbed to particulates as a function of particle size.

3. Progress Report:
In 2013, we completed the in-life phase of the field intensive sampling program at a large size dairy (2,000 head) in Hanford, CA, monitoring the emissions of volatile organic compound (VOC) gases using both sorbent tubes and canisters. In addition, Fresno field managers used field sampling equipment for a follow-up study of greenhouse gases (GHG) from dairies. VOC data from the balloon, flux chambers, and tower samples are being processed.

4. Accomplishments