NOTE: Johne's Disease may be viewed as one complete publication file below, or as individual chapter files at johnes.htm |
 United States Department of Agriculture  Agricultural Research Service  National Agricultural Library  Animal Welfare Information Center |
Johne's Disease--Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: A Debilitating Enteric Disease of Ruminants
June 2002 (Revised January 2003)
Jean Larson U.S. Department of Agriculture |
There are many loses in the livestock industry as a result of the bacterial disease called Johne's disease. "The disease occurs across the US and many foreign countries and is one of the most economically important disease of cattle." 3. The effects of this contagious disease lead to reduced milk, fetal loss and early death. This disease is caused by a bacterium Mycobacterium avium sp species paratuberculosis. This family of bacteria causes a variety of disease scourges such as tuberculosis, leporsy, cervical lymphadenitis, Aswimming pool granuloma, chronic pulmonary diseases and Johne's disease. Johne's disease is known to affect cattle, sheep, llamas, camels, goats, farmed deer, bison, and other domestic and wild ruminants. It may be the cause of some wasting diseases in horses and swine. Also, chickens can be successfully infected with it. The disease can also be transmitted to laboratory animals in a laboratory setting. It may also be an agent of the Crohn=s disease in humans. There is conflicting information about the zoonotic risks of the disease, but interaction with diseased animals should be done with caution. Johne's is found world-wide.
The disease. Although the infection is usually acquired early in life, the clinical signs can take 2-6 years to develop. Clinical signs in cattle include severe wasting due to prolonged diarrhea, dehydration, and emaciation with lethal consequences. ( In other susceptible animals the clinical signs are somewhat different.) In cattle the intestinal wall becomes thickened and has transverse folds called rugae. The surface looks corrugated. Lymph nodes are also affected and at times there are lesions in the liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys. Infections in the uterus and placenta can lead to congenital infection and abortion. Most cattle are infected when young through contaminated feed, colostrum, milk, contaminated bedding and water. The organism is often shed in large number in the feces and for long periods of time. It can live for long periods in fecal material and depending on the environmental and soil conditions, has been known to survive up to 1 year.
Diagnosis. Diagnosis of the disease in live individual animals is difficult for a number of reasons. To date, "there is no single, good test for paratuberculosis and a combination of tests is often used." 1. It seems that it is easier to diagnosis the presence in a herd as apposed to individual animals. Most of the time, the definitive diagnosis is done after an animal has died. Note that in the bibliography, there is research going on to attempt to develop better diagnostic methods for this difficult disease.
Control measures. There is no satisfactory treatment for the disease. The trend toward intensive has made control more difficult. Disease control is via implementing a variety of production practices. Some of the production practices include culling of affected animals, and removal of calves from dams immediately following birth. The calves are then fed pasturized colostrum that is free of fecal contamination and raising them in a facility that is separate from adult cows. Fecal culturing of all cows in a herd can catch those affected early on. Manure removal and facility cleaning can help control the disease. Since a basic soil discourages bacterial survival in soil, liming of pastures is helpful.
Vaccines used in calfhood can be effective in reducing the incidence, but they do not totally eliminate disease. A more effective vaccine is also being researched at this time, but vaccination does not eliminate the need for good production practices.
Resources used above:
1. Aiello, Susan E. and Asa Mays (eds.) The Merck Veterinary Manual, 8th edition. Whitehouse Station, N. J. The Merck & Co, Inc. 1998, p.537-539.
2. Jones, Thomas Carlyle and Ronald Duncan Hunt. Veterinary Pathology, 5th edition. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger. 1983. p 648-664.
3. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1984 Yearbook of Agriculture. Animal Health. Washington, D.C.. The Department. 1984 p. 158-160.
Additional information: Genome Sequencing Completed for Major Dairy Cattle Microbe. Manual of Standards Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines. Part 2, Section 2.2, Chapter 2.2.6. Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease)This document is compiled from the AGRICOLA database. The information is organized alphabetically by author and by publication year. Where there were abstracts in the database, they have been included in this document. The National Agricultural Library call numbers are included. This is intended to be a dynamic document and will be updated and added to at least once a year.
If the reader is interested in obtaining copies of the articles, you may request them on inter-library loan through your local library. Complete document delivery information is available at www.nal.usda.gov/ddsb. If you have comments or would like to submit additional information for inclusion in this document, please contact the author at jlarson@nal.usda.gov.
2002 / 2001 / 2000 / 1999 / 1998 / 1997 / 1996 / USDA and USDA Sponsored Research
Bakker, D. Keynote: Johne's disease in the
Netherlands. Research in Veterinary Science. April, 2002; 72 (Supplement
A): 28-29. ISSN: 0034-5288 Note: 56th Annual Conference of the Association of
Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers on Current Topics in Veterinary Science,
Scarborough, England, UK, March 25-27, 2002
NAL Call No.: 41.8 R312
Descriptors: epidemiology, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis,
cattle, Netherlands, Johne’s disease.
Bannantine, John P.; Stabel, Judith R. Killing
of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis within macrophages.
BMC Microbiology. January 30, 2002; 2 (2 Cited May 17, 2002): 1-7. ISSN:
1471-2180
Journal article URL: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2180-2-2.pdf
[cited July 16, 2002]
Journal URL: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180
Descriptors: ruminant animal pathogen, cultured macrophages, interplay
between bacterium and host, replication time, immunogold labeling of infected
macrophages with antibodies, using transmission electron microscopy and viability
counts.
Boor, Kathryn J. Fluid dairy product quality
and safety: Looking to the future. Journal of Dairy Science. January,
2001; 84 (1): 1-11. ISSN: 0022-0302
Journal URL: http://www.ADSA.org/jds
NAL Call No.: 44.8 J822
Descriptors: milk based beverages, food safety, shelf life, control of
contamination, thermal resistance characteristics, Mycobacterium avium ssp.
paratuberculosis
Borody, T. J.; Leis, S.; Warren, E. F.; Surace, R. Treatment
of severe Crohn's disease using antimycobacterial triple therapy: Approaching
a cure? Digestive and Liver Disease. January, 2002; 34 (1): 29-38.
ISSN: 1590-8658
Descriptors: causal role, Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis,
Crohn’s disease, triple macrolide-based anti-mycobacterial therapy, rifabutin
(450 mg/d), clarithromycin (750 mg/d) and clofazimine (2 mg/kg/d), anti microbial
treatment.
Burton, L.; Voges, H. Control of Johne's disease
in dairy cattle. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal
Production. 2002; 62: 299-302. ISSN: 0370-2731
NAL Call No.: 49.9 N483
Descriptors: dairy cattle, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis,
Crohn’s disease, contaminated milk products, infection level data, economic
impacts, possible control measures, vaccines, management practices, breeding
for genetic resistance, New Zealand.
Cerri, D.; Cantile, C.; Ebani, V. V.; Montagnese, M.; Voltini, B.; Arispici,
M. Diagnosis of paratuberculosis in naturally
infected goats. Microbiologica-Pavia. April, 2002; 25 (2): 131-137.
ISSN: 1121-7138
NAL Call No.: QR1 M57
Descriptors: goats, immunohistochemical method, agar gel immunodiffusion
(AGID), diagnosis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis, pathology, isolated
from various organs, intestines, mesenteric lymph nodes, macrophages.
Cocito, Carlo; Coene, Marc; De Kesel, Myriam; Gilot, Philippe. Polypeptides
from Mycrobacterium paratuberculosis. Official Gazette of the United
States Patent and Trademark Office Patents.
[e-file] May 14, 2002; 1258 (2): No Pagination. ISSN: 0098-1133
NAL Call No.: T223.A21
Descriptors: Johne’s disease, bacterial pathogen, 101 amino acids
of FIG 8, M. bovis, M. avium, M. phlei, M. tuberculosis, and possibly against
M. leprae, M. intracellulare, M. scrofulaceum, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae and
M. smegmatis, Johne’s positive cattle sera.
Corti, Sabrina; Stephan, Roger. Detection of
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis specific IS900 insertion sequences
in bulk-tank milk samples obtained from different regions throughout Switzerland.
BMC Microbiology. June 26, 2002; 2 (15 Cited August 6, 2002):
No Pagination. ISSN: 1471-2180
Journal URL: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180
Descriptors: possible relationship of MAP to Crohn’s disease etiology,
possible hazards of raw milk, bulk tank milk sampling, dairy stock subclinical
infections, Switzerland.
Coussens, Paul M. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
and the bovine immune system. Animal Health Research Reviews.
December, 2001; 2 (2): 141-161. ISSN: 1466-2523
Journal URL:
http://www.cabi-publishing.org/JOURNALS/AHRR/Index.asp
NAL Call No.: SF601.A547
Descriptors: cattle, immunity, pathology.
Davies, P.R. Is Crohn's disease caused by M.
avium subsp. paratuberculosis? Proceedings of the New Zealand Society
of Animal Production. 2002; 62: 290-293. ISSN: 0370-2731
NAL Call No.: 49.9 N483
Descriptors: Johne’s disease, role of disease in Crohn’s
disease, discussion of possible zoonotic aspects of MAP.
D' Haese, Eva; Nelis, Hans J. Rapid detection
of single cell bacteria as a novel approach in food microbiology. Journal
of AOAC International. July-August, 2002; 85 (4): 979-983. ISSN: 1060-3271
NAL Call No.: S583.A7
Descriptors: solid phase cytometry, food sampling, slow growing bacteria
detection, of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, model example of a
slow-growing bacterium in milk.
Englund, Stina; Bolske, Goran; Johansson, Karl Erik. An
IS900-like sequence found in a Mycobacterium sp. other than Mycobacterium avium
subsp. paratuberculosis. FEMS Microbiology Letters. April, 9 2002;
209 (2): 267-271. ISSN: 0378-1097
Journal URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/femslett
NAL Call No.: QR1.F44
Descriptors: IS 900, specificity, dairy cows, Mycobacterium cookii,
recommendations of gene other than IS900 for detection.
Ferreira, R.; Fonseca, L.S.; Lilenbaum, W. Agar
gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) evaluation for detection of bovine paratuberculosis
in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Letters in Applied Microbiology. 2002; 35(3):173-175.
ISSN: 0266-8254
NAL Call No.: QR1.L47
Descriptors: epidemiology, immune response, bacterial infection, Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis, diagnostic screening method, agarose gel immunodiffusion test,
cattle sera, Brazilian herds, subclinical herd infections.
Fujita, Hiroshi; Eishi, Yoshinobu; Ishige, Ikuo; Saitoh, Kiyoshi; Takizawa,
Touichirou; Arima, Terukatsu; Koike, Morio.
Quantitative analysis of bacterial DNA from Mycobacteria spp., Bacteroides vulgatus,
and Escherichia coli in tissue samples from patients with inflammatory bowel
diseases. Journal of Gastroenterology. July, 2002; 37 (7): 509-516.
ISSN: 0944-1174
Descriptors: possible role of Mycobacterium, bowel diseases in humans.
Grant, I.R.; Ball, H.J.; Rowe, M.T. Effectiveness
of milk pasteurization in relation to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
Research in Veterinary Science. April, 2002; 72 (Supplement A): 29. ISSN:
0034-5288 Note: 56th Annual Conference of the Association of Veterinary Teachers
and Research Workers on Current Topics in Veterinary Science, Scarborough, England,
UK, March 25-27, 2002.
NAL Call No.: 41.8 R312
Descriptors: epidemiology, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, contamination
control, milk pasteurization treatments, Crohn’s disease, Johne’s
disease.
Grant, Irene R.; Hitchings, Edward I.; McCartney, Alan; Ferguson, Fiona; Rowe,
Michael T. Effect of commercial-scale high-temperature,
short-time pasteurization on the viability of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
in naturally infected cows' milk. Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
February, 2002; 68 (2): 602-607. ISSN: 0099-2240
NAL Call No.: 448.3 Ap5
Journal URL: http://www.journals.asm.org
Descriptors: milk contamination control, APV HXP commercial-scale pasteurizer,
4 different treatments, immunomagnetic separation PCR detection method, effects
of homogenization, levels of contamination.
Grant, Irene R.; Ball, Hywel J.; Rowe, Michael T. Incidence
of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in bulk raw and commercially pasteurized cows'
milk from approved dairy processing establishments in the United Kingdom.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology. May, 2002; 68 (5): 2428-2435.
ISSN: 0099-2240
Journal URL: http://www.journals.asm.org
NAL Call No.: 448.3 Ap5
Descriptors: milk sampling, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
(MAP), immunomagnetic PCR, cell culture, low levels of MAP, commercially pasteurized
cows' milk, United Kingdom.
Greig, A.; Beard, P.; Daniels, M. J.; Henderson, D.; Hutchings, M.R.; Stevenson,
K. The potential role of wildlife in the epidemiology
of paratuberculosis in domestic animals. Research in Veterinary Science.
April, 2002; 72 (Supplement A): 30. ISSN: 0034-5288 Note: 56th Annual Conference
of the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers on Current Topics
in Veterinary Science, Scarborough, England, UK, March 25-27, 2002
NAL Call No.: 41.8 R312
Descriptors: epidemiology, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, wildlife
as a disease reservoir, fox, rabbit, stoat, weasel, dairy cattle industry, Johne’s
disease, transmission, UK
Guo, Hongyan; Naser, Saleh A; Ghobrial, George; Phanstiel, Otto IV. Synthesis
and biological evaluation of new citrate-based siderophores as potential probes
for the mechanism of iron uptake in mycobacteria. Journal of Medicinal
Chemistry. May 9, 2002; 45 (10): 2056-2063. ISSN: 0022-2623
NAL Call No.: RS403.A1J6
Journal URL: http://pubs.acs.org/jmc
Descriptors: bacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
(MAP), iron uptake, mycobactin J, deferrioxamine B, acinetoferrin, nannochelin
A, trans 2-octenoyl motif, trans cinnamoyl groups, iron binding ligands (C5),
growth index values, at 2.4 muM a trans 2-octenoylated, citrate-containing imide
6.
Gwozdz, J. M.; Thompson, K. G. Antigen-induced
production of interferon-gamma in samples of peripheral lymph nodes from sheep
experimentally inoculated with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
Veterinary Microbiology. January 23, 2002; 84 (3): 243-252. ISSN: 0378-1135
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Descriptors: sheep, IFN-gamma, experimental oral inoculation, blood
sampling, complement fixation test (CFT), agar gel diffusion test (AGID), enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA), IFN-gamma test.
Halldorsdottir, Stefania; Englund, Stina; Nilsen, Sigrun Fredsvold; Olsaker,
Ingrid. Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp.
paratuberculosis by buoyant density centrifugation, sequence capture PCR and
dot blot hybridisation. Veterinary Microbiology. 22 July, 2002;
87 (4): 327-340. ISSN: 0378-1135
Journal URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/vetmic
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Descriptors: detection methods, bovine fecal samples, Percoll and IS900,
alternative to bacterial culture.
Hancox, M. Bovine tuberculosis: Milk and meat
safety. Lancet North American Edition. February 23, 2002; 359
(9307): 706-707. ISSN: 0099-5355
Journal URL:
http://www.elsevier.nl/inca/publications/store/3/1/0/6/6/index.htt
NAL Call No.: 448.8 L22
Descriptors: bovine based food product safety, human health risks, Mycobacterium
avium paratuberculosis, Campylobacter spp, bacterial disease contamination.
Harris, N. B.; Zinniel, D. K.; Hsieh, M. K.; Cirillo, J. D.; Barletta, R. G.
Cell sorting of formalin-treated pathogenic
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis expressing GFP. Biotechniques.
March, 2002; 32 (3): 522-527. ISSN: 0736-6205
NAL Call No.: RB37.A1B56
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, occupational
safety, laboratory employees, pathogenic organisms, GFP fluorophore, safe handling
without biosafety level II and III equipment.
Hermon, Taylor J. Treatment with drugs active
against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis can heal Crohn's disease:
More evidence for a neglected public health tragedy. Digestive and
Liver Disease. January, 2002; 34 (1): 9-12. ISSN: 1590-8658
Descriptors: clinical immunology, bacterial infection; Mycobacterium
avium paratuberculosis, pathogens, clarithromycin, clofazimine, rifabutin, Crohn's
disease, therapy.
Hermon, Taylor John; Bull, Tim. Crohn's disease
caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis: A public health tragedy
whose resolution is long overdue. Journal of Medical Microbiology.
January, 2002; 51 (1): 3-6. ISSN: 0022-2615
Journal URL: http://www.jmedmicrobiol.com
NAL Call No.: QR1.J62
Descriptors: animal and human pathogen, zoonotic aspects, human health
risks, contaminated animal products.
Hermon, Taylor J.; Bull, T.; Boumedine, K.; McMinn, E.; Skull, A.
Keynote: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in animals, food and
water supplies, and its impact on human health. Research in Veterinary
Science. April, 2002; 72 (Supplement A): 28. ISSN: 0034-5288 Note: 56th
Annual Conference of the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers
on Current Topics in Veterinary Science, Scarborough, England, UK, March 25-27,
2002.
NAL Call No.: 41.8 R312
Descriptors: epidemiology, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, cattle,
humans, rabbits, sheep, human health risks, Johne’s disease.
Journal URL: http://www.avma.org
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: dairy cows, cattle, ELISA, antibody detection, Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis, serum samples, 2 sampling times, control measures.
Hutchings, M.R.; Daniels, M.J.; Henderson, D.; Greig, A. Wildlife
to ruminant transmission routes for M. a. paratuberculosis. Research
in Veterinary Science. April, 2002; 72 (Supplement A): 30. ISSN: 0034-5288
Note: 56th Annual Conference of the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research
Workers on Current Topics in Veterinary Science, Scarborough, England, UK, March
25-27, 2002.
NAL Call No.: 41.8 R312
Descriptors: epidemiology, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, wildlife
as a disease reservoir, cattle, rabbit, rodents, dairy cattle industry, Johne’s
disease, transmission, UK.
Jones, P.H.; Farver, T.B.; Beaman, B.L.; Cetinkaya, B.; Morgan, K. L.
Chronic gastrointestinal diseases in dairy farmers in England and the Welsh
borders: Is there an association between Crohn's disease and bovine paratuberculosis?
Research in Veterinary Science. April, 2002; 72 (Supplement A): 30-31.
ISSN: 0034-5288 Note: 56th Annual Conference of the Association of Veterinary
Teachers and Research Workers on Current Topics in Veterinary Science, Scarborough,
England, UK, March 25-27, 2002.
NAL Call No.: 41.8 R312
Descriptors: epidemiology, potential for zoonotic disease, Mycobacterium
avium paratuberculosis, possible work related illness, dairy cattle industry,
dairy farmers, Johne’s disease, UK.
Koets, Ad; Rutten, Victor; Hoek, Aad; van Mil, Frans; Muller, Kerstin; Bakker,
Douwe; Gruys, Erik; van Eden,Willem. Progressive
bovine paratuberculosis is associated with local loss of CD4+ T cells, increased
frequency of gammadelta T cells, and related changes in T cell function.
Infection and Immunity. July, 2002; 70 (7): 3856-3864. ISSN: 0019-9567
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, loss of cell
mediated response, immune reactivity of intestine, cows, etiology.
Langelaar, M.; Koets, A.; Muller, K.; van Eden, W.; Noordhuizen, J.; Howard,
C.; Hope, J.; Rutten, V. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
heat shock protein 70 as a tool in control of paratuberculosis. Veterinary-Immunology-and-Immunopathology.
September 10, 2002; 87 (3-4): 239-244. ISSN: 0165-2427
NAL Call No.: SF757.2.V38
Journal URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/vetimm
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, cattle, antibody
titers, rHsp 70, shuttle antigen, interaction between APC and Fitc-labelled
rHsp70, FACS analysis, uptake.
Lund, Barbara M.; Gould, Grahame W.; Rampling, Anita M. Pasteurization
of milk and the heat resistance of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis:
A critical review of the data. International Journal of Food Microbiology.
July 25, 2002; 77 (1-2): 135-145. ISSN: 0168-1605
Journal URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ijfood,icro
NAL Call No.: QR115.I57
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis, heat resistance,
Johne’s disease, Crohn’s disease, heat treatment parameters, performance
criterian, human health risks, post pasteurization contamination control.
Mackintosh, C. G. Johne's disease in deer:
Prospects for control. Proceedings of the New-Zealand Society
of Animal Production. 2002; 62: 303-306. ISSN: 0370-2731.
NAL Call No.: 49.9 N483
Descriptors: farmed deer, disease prevention and control, Mycobacterium
avium ssp. Paratuberculosis, clinical picture, detection of subclinical infections,
culling, depopulation, restocking, New Zealand.
Mahmoud, O. M.; Haroun, E. M.; Elfaki, M. G.; Abbas, B. Pigmented
paratuberculosis granulomata in the liver of sheep. Small Ruminant
Research. March, 2002; 43 (3): 211-217. ISSN: 0921-4488
Journal URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/smallrumres
NAL Call No.: SF380.I52
Descriptors: Johne’s disease, sheep, description of granulomata,
epitheloid cells, basophilic granules, fibrous capsule, intestinal lesions,
ileum, rectum, mesenteric lymph nodes, acid fast bacteria, Mycobacterium avium
ssp. paratuberculosis, yellowish-orange pigment.
Mullerad, Jacob; Michal, Israel; Fishman, Yolanta; Hovav, Avi Hai; Barletta
Raul, G.; Bercovier, Herve. The immunogenicity
of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis 85B antigen. Medical Microbiology
and Immunology. March, 2002; 190 (4): 179-187. ISSN: 0300-8584
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, mouse model,
laboratory experiment, immune response, recombinant MPT 85B in Ribi adjuvant,
anti-85B antibody production of all classes tested, IgG1/IgG2a ratio, cellular
vaccine candidate.
Murray, Dupont C. Vaccination against Johne's
disease. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production.
2002; 62: 288-289. ISSN: 0370-2731
NAL Call No.: 49.9 N483
Descriptors: control, immunogenic cell surface associated and secreted
proteins, New Zealand field isolate, Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis,
possible subunit vaccine, adverse effects of vaccination, TB testing.
Muskens, J.; van Zijderveld, F.; Eger, A.; Bakker, D. Evaluation
of the long-term immune response in cattle after vaccination against paratuberculosis
in two Dutch dairy herds. Veterinary Microbiology. May 1, 2002;
86 (3): 269-278. ISSN:0378-1135
Journal URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/vetmic
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Descriptors: vaccination, paratuberculosis, tuberculosis, herd health,
serological screening, cattle 3 years old, vaccine testing, heat-killed paratuberculosis
vaccine, 12-14 year study, 2 herds, Netherlands, effect of vaccination on both
cellular and humoral immune responses, paratuberculosis antigen, bovine tuberculosis
antigen, long lasting interference.
Mutwiri, George K.; Rosendal, Soren; Kosecka, Ula; Yager, Julie A.; Perdue,
Mary; Snider, Denis; Butler, Daniel G. Adoptive
transfer of BALB/c mouse splenocytes reduces lesion severity and induces intestinal
pathophysiologic changes in the Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
beige/scid mouse model. Comparative Medicine, Memphis.August,
2002; 52 (4): 332-341. ISSN: 1532-0820
NAL Call No.: SF77. C65
Descriptors: mouse model, beige/scid strain, resistance, introperitoneal
inoculation, immune reconstruction.
Nielsen, Soren S.; Gronbaek, Carsten; Agger, Jens F.; Houe, Hans. Maximum-likelihood
estimation of sensitivity and specificity of ELISAs and faecal culture for diagnosis
of paratuberculosis. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. March 14,
2002; 53 (3): 191-204. ISSN: 0167-5877
NAL Call No.: SF601.P7
Descriptors: Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis,
3 diagnostic tests, 2 ELISA’s, fecal cultures, use of tests for screening
and for confirmation, discussion of test selection.
Nielsen, Soren S.; Enevoldsen, Carsten; Grohn, Yrjo T. The
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis ELISA response by parity and stage
of lactation. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 30 May, 2002; 54
(1): 1-10. ISSN: 0167-5877
Journal URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/prevetmed
NAL Call No.: SF601.P7
Descriptors: ELISA, Johne’s disease, cows, milk samples, serum
samples, antibody detection, interpretation, detection, tentative diagnosis.
Nielsen, S. S.; Grohn Y. T.; Quaas, R.L; Agger, J. F. Paratuberculosis
in dairy cattle: Variation of the antibody response in offspring attributable
to the dam. Journal of Dairy Science. February, 2002; 85 (2):
406-412. ISSN: 0022-0302
Journal URL: http://www.ADSA.org/jds
NAL Call No.: 44.8 J822
Descriptors: transmission factors, Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis,
dairy cattle, ELISA antibody testing, contribution from parents, heritability
of susceptibility and vertical transmission, control programs, etiology, epidemiology.
O' Doherty, A.; O' Grady, D.; Smith, T.; Egan, J. Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis in pasteurised and unpasteurised milk in the Republic
of Ireland. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research. June,
2002; 41 (1): 117-121. ISSN: 0791-6833
NAL Call No.: S539.5.I74
Descriptors: milk samples, unpasteurized bulk sampling, cattle, goats,
retail pasteurized milk sampling, decontamination with hexadecyl pyridinium
chloride, cultured for MAP, Bactec B12B and Herrold's Egg Yolk medium.
Olsen, I.; Siguroardottir, O. G.; Djonne, B. Paratuberculosis
with special reference to cattle. A review. Veterinary Quarterly.
February, 2002; 24 (1): 12-28. ISSN: 0165-2176
NAL Call No.: SF601 V46
Descriptors: cattle disease, description, symptoms, world-wide economic
effects, control, clinical importance, pathology, immunology, properties of
infectious agent, identification of subclinical infections, diagnostic methods
evaluated, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis.
Pang, Victor Fei; Lee, Chia Hao; Chueh, Ling Ling; Liu, Chen Hsuan; Cheng,
Chiung Hsian; Chiou, Huey Ing; Chang, Chih Cheng; Fu, Yng Bin; Chang, Chih Hua;
Lee, Shu Hwae; Chen, Mei Ing; Shiau, Chung Jung; Chang, Chao Fu; Chi, Chau Haw;
Jeng, Chian-Ren. Diagnosis and differentiation
of mycobacterial infection in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues of
zoo animals by polymerase chain reaction. Taiwan Veterinary Journal.
March, 2002; 28 (1): 80-87. ISSN: 1682-6485 Note: In Chinese.
NAL Call No.: SF604 C54
Descriptors: zoo animals; Mycobacterium; diagnosis of species of Mycobacterium;
tuberculosis; polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method; non-radioactive
labeled Southern blot hybridization; DNA fragment; 65 kD mycobacterial surface
antigen of M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. avium subsp. avium, M. avium subsp.
paratuberculosis, and M. fortuitum; 38 kd protein antigen b of M. tuberculosis
and M. bovis, in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues.
Pillai, S.R.; Jayarao, B.M. Application of
IS900 PCR for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis directly
from raw milk. Journal of Dairy Science. May, 2002; 85
(5): 1052-1057. ISSN: 0022-0302
Journal URL: http://www.ADSA.org/jds
NAL Call No.: 44.8 J822
Descriptors: polymerase chain reaction-based assay, sequence900, raw
bulk milk samples, experimental inoculation, cattle milk sampling, Johne’s
disease, sensitivity of assay.
Richter, Elvira; Wessling, Johannes; Luegering, Norbert; Domschke, Wolfram;
Ruesch, Gerdes Sabine. Mycobacterium avium subsp.
paratuberculosis infection in a patient with HIV, Germany. Emerging
Infectious Diseases. July, 2002; 8 (7): 729-731. ISSN: 1080-6040
NAL Call No.: RA648.5.E46
Descriptors: confirmed diagnosis, human, zoonotic disease, impared immune
system, Germany.
Secott, T.E.; Lin, T. L.; Wu, C. C. Fibronectin
attachment protein is necessary for efficient attachment and invasion of epithelial
cells by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
Infection and Immunity. May, 2002; 70 (5): 2670-2675. ISSN:
0019-9567
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, attachment, ingestion,
2 epithelial cells, effect of soluble fibromectin, disruption of FAP-P expression
T-24 and Caco-2 calls.
Sergeant, E. S. G.; Whittington, R. J.; More, S. J. Sensitivity
and specificity of pooled faecal culture and serology as flock-screening tests
for detection of ovine paratuberculosis in Australia. Preventive Veterinary
Medicine. January 22, 2002; 52 (3-4): 199-211. ISSN: 0167-5877
NAL Call No.: SF601.P7
Descriptors: sheep, pooled fecal culture, serological testing AGID,
Johnes’s infected flocks, test sensitivity and reliability for flock health
testing, surveillance and assurance programs, Australia.
Shafran, I.; Kugler, L.; El Zaatari, F. A. K.; Naser, S. A.; Sandoval, J. Open
clinical trial of rifabutin and clarithromycin therapy in Crohn's disease.
Digestive and Liver Disease. January, 2002; 34 (1): 22-28. ISSN: 1590-8658
Descriptors: humans, Crohn's disease, etiology of Mycobacterium avium
ssp. Paratuberculosis, rifabutin and clarithromycin anti-Mycobacterium avium
subsp. Paratuberculosis treatment, evaluation of patient responses.
Soons, R.; Heuer, C.; Jackson, R.; Groenendaal. Computer
simulation of Johne's disease in New Zealand dairy cattle.
Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production. 2002; 62: 294-298.
ISSN: 0370-2731
NAL Call No.: 49.9 N483
Descriptors: disease control, dairy herds, review, models, the model
'JohneSSim', control measures, test and cull, contract heifer rearing, colostrum
management, seasonal calving, risk factors, possible application to New Zealand.
Stabel, J. R.; Wells, S. J.; Wagner, B. A. Relationships
between fecal culture, ELISA, and bulk tank milk test results for Johne's disease
in US dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Science. March, 2002;
85 (3): 525-531. ISSN: 0022-0302
Journal URL: http://www.ADSA.org/jds
NAL Call No.: 44.8 J822
Descriptors: cows, estimate percentages of seropositive herds, Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis in feces and milk, estimate of sensitivity, specificity, and
predictive value, ELISA compared to fecal culture.
Stevenson, K.; Hughes, V,M. ; De Juan, L.; Inglis, N.F.; Wright, F.; Sharp,
J.M. Molecular characterisation of pigmented
and non-pigmented isolates of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.
Research in Veterinary Science. April, 2002; 72 (Supplement A): 29. ISSN:
0034-5288 Note: 56th Annual Conference of the Association of Veterinary Teachers
and Research Workers on Current Topics in Veterinary Science, Scarborough, England,
UK, March 25-27, 2002
NAL Call No.: 41.8 R312
Descriptors: epidemiology, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, non-pigmented
isolates, pigmented isolates, sheep.
Surujballi, Om P.; Romanowska, Anna; Sugden, Edward A.; Turcotte, Claude; Jolley,
Michael E. A fluorescence polarization assay
for the detection of antibodies to Mycobacterium bovis in cattle sera.
Veterinary-Microbiology. [print] 20 June, 2002; 87 (2): 149-157. ISSN:0378-1135
Journal URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/vetmic
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Descriptors: cattle, sera, fluorescence polarization assay, fluorescein-labelled
MPB70 protein antigen, M. bovis, accuracy of indicator test, lack of cross reaction.
Thompson, K. G.; West, D. M.; Anderson, P.V.A.; Burnham, D.L. Subclinical
Johne's disease in sheep. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of
Animal Production. 2002; 62: 284-287. ISSN: 0370-2731
NAL Call No.: 49.9 N483
Descriptors: sheep, subclinical infection, 5 year study, disease impact
on productivity, vaccines, Neoparasec, Gudair, experimental design.
Tooker, B. C.; Burton, J. L.; Coussens, P. M. Survival
tactics of M. paratuberculosis in bovine macrophage cells. Veterinary
Immunology and Immunopathology. 10 September, 2002; 87 (3-4): 429-437. ISSN:
0165-2427
Journal URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/vetimm
NAL Call No.: SF757.2.V38
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium sps paratuberculosis, vesicles of macrophage
cells, 3 theories of survival, affects on host protein expression, interference
with macrophage activation, entry avoids, macrophage activation, DDRT-PCR, gene
expression comparison to E coli.
VanLeeuwen, J. A.; Keefe, G. P.; Tiwari, A
Seroprevalence and productivity effects of infection with bovine leukemia virus,
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and Neospora caninum in Maritime
Canadian dairy cattle. Bovine Practitioner. June, 2002; 36 (2):
86-91. ISSN: 0524-1685
NAL Call No.: SF779.5.A1B6
Descriptors: 90 dairy cattle herds, subclinical infection effects, milk
production, serum sampling, ELISA antibody testing, Canada.
Walravens, K.; Marche, S.; Rosseels, V.; Wellemans, V.; Boelaert, F.; Huygen,
K.; Godfroid, J. IFN-gamma diagnostic tests
in the context of bovine mycobacterial infections in Belgium.
Veterinary-Immunology-and-Immunopathology. September 10,
2002; 87 (3-4): 401-406. ISSN: 0165-2427
Journal URL: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/vetimm
NAL Call No.: SF757.2.V38
Descriptors: cattle tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium
avium ssp. Paratuberculosis testing strategies, differentiation between species,
IFN-gamma responses of animals, experimental infection.
Wards, Barry J.; Collins, Desmond M. Slow-growing
mycobacteria. Springer Lab Manuals. Electroformation of bacteria.
2000; Eynard-Natalie; Teissie-Justin: Eds. Springer-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG,
Heidelberger Platz 3, D-14197, Berlin, Germany. P. 168-174. ISBN: 354066680X
(paper)
Descriptors: bacterial pathogen, infection; methods, techniques, molecular
genetics, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, microbiology of the listed species.
Waters, W. R.; Sacco, R. E.; Fach, S. J.; Palmer, M. V.; Olsen, S. C.; Kreeger,
T. J. Analysis of mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte
subset proliferation and nitric oxide production by peripheral blood mononuclear
cells of captive elk (Cervus elaphus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases.
April, 2002; 38 (2): 344-351. ISSN: 0090-3558
NAL Call No.: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: elk, animal reservoirs, Brucella abortus, Mycobacterium
bovis, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, immune responses, Peripheral
blood mononuclear cells, gammadelta TCR+ cells, pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation,
nitric oxide production, sIgM+ cells co-expressed MHC class II and B-B4, a B
cell lineage marker.
Wells, Scott J.; Whitlock, Robert H.; Lindeman, Cynthia J. ; Fyock, Terry Evaluation
of bacteriologic culture of pooled fecal samples for detection of Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis. American Journal of Veterinary Research. August,
2002; 63 (8): 1207-1211. ISSN: 0002-9645
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Am3A
Descriptors: cattle, concentration of organisms, detection sensitivity,
methods recommended to survey disease levels of cattle herds.
Wells, Scott J.; Whitlock, Robert H.; Wagner, Bruce A.; Collins, James; Garry,
Franklyn; Hirst, Heather; Lawrence, John; Saville, William J. A.; Naugle, Alecia
L. Larew. Sensitivity of test strategies used
in the Voluntary Johne's Disease Herd Status Program for detection of Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis infection in dairy cattle herds. Journal of the American
Veterinary Medical Association. April 1, 2002; 220 (7): 1053-1057. ISSN:
0003-1488
Journal URL: http://www.avma.org
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: dairy cattle herd evaluation; reliability of the Voluntary
Johne's Disease Herd Status Program (VJDHSP); 64 dairy herds from Pennsylvania,
Minnesota, Colorado, Ohio, and Wisconsin; serum testing for antibodies to Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis; fecal testing.
West, D. M. Johne's disease: Why Johne's disease
is so difficult to control. . Proceedings of the New Zealand Society
of Animal Production. 2002; 62: 282-283. ISSN: 0370-2731
NAL Call No.: 49.9 N483
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis, cattle, sheep,
goats, deer, control issues, incubation periods, pathogen survival, subclinical
infection shedding, unreliability of diagnostic tests, control comparisons between
New Zealand and Australia.
Winterhoff, C.; Beyerbach, M.; Homuth, M.; Strutzberg, K.; Gerlach, G. F. Etablierung
und Evaluation eines ELISA zum Nachweis von Antikoerpern gegen Mycobacterium
avium sub-species paratuberculosis in Milch. [Evaluation of an ELISA for the
detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp.paratuberculosis-specific antibodies
in milk.] Deutsche Tieraerztliche Wochenschrift. Mai, 2002; 109
(5): 230-234. ISSN: 0341-6593 Note: In German.
NAL Call No.: 41.8 D482
Descriptors: dairy farms, economically viable diagnostic method, antibody
detection, Svanovir(R)-ELISA, milk testing.
Allen, S.; Sotos, J.; Sylte, M. J.; Czuprynski, C. J.
Use of hoechst 33342 staining to detect apoptotic changes in bovine mononuclear
phagocytes infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. March, 2001; 8 (2): 460-464.
ISSN: 1071-412X
Descriptors: cattle white cells, apoptosis in bovine monocytes, Hoechst
33342 staining, experimental infection effects, viable bacilli, effects of preincubation
of monocytes with bovine growth hormone pre infection.
Banasure, K.D.; Basagoudanavar, S.H.; Chaudhury, P.; Tiwari, V.; Parihar, N.S.;
Goswami, P.P. Identification and characterization of a gene encoding a 35-kDa
protein from Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. FEMS Micro
Biol Lett. Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V. Mar 15, 2001.
v. 196 (2) p. 195-199. ISSN: 0378-1097.
NAL Call No.: QR1.F44
Abstract: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is the causative
agent in Johne's disease, a chronic enteritis in ruminants. A gene homologous
to that of 35-kDa antigen of Mycobacterium leprae was cloned and sequenced from
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. The database searches revealed 82.79% and 95.67%
similarities of its nucleotide sequence, with those of immunodominant 35-kDa
protein of M. leprae and M. avium, respectively.
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Johne's disease,
ruminant enteritis,Mycobacterium leprae, nucleotide sequence comparison.
Bannantine, John P.; Stabel, Judith R. Identification
of two Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis gene products differentially
recognised by sera from rabbits immunised with live mycobacteria but not heat-killed
mycobacteria. Journal of Medical Microbiology. September, 2001;
50 (9): 795-804. ISSN: 0022-2615
NAL Call No.: QR1.J62
Descriptors: Csp1 was present in infected macrophages, novel antigens,
pathogenesis.
Bannantine, J. P.; Zang, Q.; Li, L.; Kapur, V. Identification
of unique regions within two genetically similar mycobacterial genomes.
Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology.
2001; 101: 703-704. ISSN: 1060-2011. Note: 101st General Meeting of the American
Society for Microbiology, Orlando, FL, USA, May 20-24, 2001
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium, Mycobacterium avium ssp.
paratuberculosis, homology of genomes, non-aligned sequences 7 and 481, mycobacteriophage,
possible application for diagnostic tests.
Beard, P. M.; Stevenson, K.; Pirie, A.; Rudge, K.; Buxton, D.; Rhind, S. M.;
Sinclair, M. C.; Wildblood, L. A.; Jones, D. G.; Sharp, J. M. Experimental
paratuberculosis in calves following inoculation with a rabbit isolate of Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
NAL Call No.: QR46.J6
Descriptors: rabbits as reservoir of MAP, Scotland, experimental infection
of calves with rabbit strain, strain virulence, wildlife reservoir potential
of rabbits, factors for control measures.
Beard, P. M.; Rhind, S. M.; Buxton, D.; Daniels, M. J.; Henderson, D.; Pirie,
A.; Rudge, K.; Greig, A.; Hutchings, M. R.; Stevenson, K.; Sharp, J. M. Natural
paratuberculosis infection in rabbits in Scotland. Journal of Comparative
Pathology. May, 2001; 124 (4): 290-299. ISSN: 0021-9975
NAL Call No.: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: 110 rabbits tested, Oryctolagus cuniculus, pathology, Mycobacterium
avium ssp. paratuberculosis, histopathological lesions, granulomata, giant cells,
formalin-fixed, paraffin wax embedded tissues.
Belloli, Angelo; Carli, Silvano; Pravettoni, Davide; Proverbio, Daniela; Giangaspero,
Massimo; Lauzi, Stefania; Bonizzi, Luigi. Case
study: Attempted treatment of a cow with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis enterocolitis.
Bovine Practitioner. January, 2001; 35 (1): 56-60. ISSN: 0524-1685 Note:
In English with French and English summaries.
NAL Call No.: SF779.5.A1B6
Descriptors: Holstein-Friesian dairy cow, naturally infection, enterocolitis,
oral treatment rifampin, pyrazinamide and streptomycin for 7 days, fecal sampling,
effects in populations of MAP.
Burton, Michael S.; Olsen, John H.; Ball, Ray L.; Dumonceaux, Genevieve A.
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
infection in an addax (Addax nasomaculatus). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife
Medicine. June, 2001; 32 (2): 242-244 ISSN: 1042-7260
NAL Call No.: SF601 J6
Descriptors: Addax nasomaculatus, captive bred male addax, Mycobacterium
avium ssp. paratuberculosis, fecal sample, serology, semen culture, tissue biopsy,
ileum, jejunum, colon, mesenteric lymph node.
Chamberlin, W.; Graham, D. Y.; Hulten, K.; El Zimaity, H. M. T.; Schwartz,
M. R.; Naser, S.; Shafran, I.; El Zaatari, F. A. K. Review
article: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as one cause of Crohn's
disease. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. March, 2001;
15 (3): 337-346. ISSN: 0269-2813
Descriptors: etiology, zoonotic disease, possible cause of Crohn’s
disease, review of the literature.
Cheville, N. F.; Hostetter, J.; Thomsen, B. V.; Simutis, F.; Vanloubbeeck,
Y.; Steadham, E. Intracellular trafficking of
Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis in macrophages. DTW-Deutsche-Tieraerztliche-Wochenschrift.
Juni, 2001; 108 (6): 236-243. ISSN: 0341-6593 Note: In English with English
and Germany summaries.
NAL Call No.: 41.8 D482
Descriptors: Johne’s disease; cattle, bacterial growth in macrophages;
immunocytochemical markers for light, confocal and electron microscopy; bacterial
attachment, phagosomal acidification, phagolysosomal degradation and apoptosis;
blockage of phagosomes; nude mouse model; bacteriophorous vacuole formation.
Collins, Michael T.; Lisby, Gorm; Moser, Claus; Chicks, Debra; Christensen,
Steen; Reichelderfer, Mark; Hoiby, Niels; Harms, Bruce A.; Thomsen, Ole O.;
Skibsted, Ulrik; Binder, Vibeke. Results of
multiple diagnostic tests for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in
patients with inflammatory bowel disease and in controls. Journal
of Clinical Microbiology. December, 2001; 38 (12): 4373-4381. ISSN: 0095-1137
NAL Call No.: QR46.J6
Descriptors: diagnostic tests compared, 5 methods routinely used on animals,
PCR for IS900, etiopathogenesis of IBD.
Corn, Joseph L.; Nettles, Victor F. Health
protocol for translocation of free-ranging elk.
Journal of Wildlife Diseases.
July, 2001; 37 (3): 413-426. ISSN: 0090-3558
NAL Call No.: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: elk, Cervus elaphus, restoration programs, issues of translocation,
disease concerns, health status, classification of infectious agents and ectoparasites,
ability to establish disease in new area, potential damage to wildlife in new
area, list of many diseases and parasites, including M. avium ssp paratuberculosis.
Coussens, P. M.; Tooker, B.; Nobis, W.; Coussens, M. J. Genetics
and genomics of susceptibility to mycobacterial infection in cattle.
Journal of Dairy Science. 2001; 84 (Supplement 1): 57. ISSN: 0022-0302
Note: Joint Meeting of the American Diary Science Association, American Meat
Science Association, American Society of Animal Science and the Poultry Science
Association, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, July 24-28, 2001.
Journal URL: http://www.ADSA.org/jds
NAL Call No.: SF221 A4
Descriptors: cattle, susceptibility to disease factors, breeding, genetics,
genomics, Mycobacterium-bovis, Mycobacterium avium ssp. Paratuberculosis.
Daniels, M.J.; Ball, N.; Hutchings, M.R.; Greig, A. The grazing response
of cattle to pasture contaminated with rabbit faeces and the implications for
the transmission of paratuberculosis. Vet J. London : Balliere Tindall,
c1997. May 2001. v. 161 (3) p. 306-313. ISSN: 1090-0233
NAL Call No.: SF601.V484
Abstract: Transmission of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis,
the organism responsible for paratuberculosis (or Johne's disease) in ruminants,
occurs through the faecal-oral route. As M. a. paratuberculosis has been isolated
from rabbit faeces, cattle grazing rabbit faecal contaminated pasture may thus
be at risk. A herd of 57 beef cattle was monitored on a farm in Perthshire,
throughout the 1999 'grazing year', to investigate whether the cattle avoided
rabbit faecal contaminated pasture and thus the potential for disease transmission.
Grazing was measured every two days over eight rotations by sward heights on
40 marked treatment plots (0.5 m X 0.5 m) to which 0, 10, 50 and 250 rabbit
faecal pellets were added. Cattle were also monitored by an active transponder
system which enabled individual animals contacting two plots per field rotation
(one control and one contaminated) to be recorded. During the monitored grazing
year, grazing pressure was low with a net mean sward offtake of 18% of sward
height per rotation. There were no significant differences between rabbit faecal
treatments (0, 10, 50 and 250 pellets) with respect to the height or proportion
of sward removed, or between the numbers of contacts made by cattle on contaminated
and uncontaminated plots. Over 90% of all the cattle contacted contaminated
plots, indicating that the potential for disease transmission was widespread
among the herd. To our knowledge, this is the first reported instance of a lack
of avoidance by grazing cattle towards swards contaminated with faeces, and
implies that the potential for transmission of paratuberculosis from rabbit
contaminated pasture is high.
Descriptors: beef cattle, Johne's disease, grazing behavior, pastures,
rabbit fecal droppings, microbial contamination,disease transmission, paratuberculosis,
Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis, disease transmission risk, Scotland.
Dargatz, David A.; Byrum, Beverly A.; Barber, Linda K.; Sweeney, Raymond W.;
Whitlock, Robert H.; Shulaw, William P.; Jacobson, Richard H.; Stabel, Judith
R. Evaluation of a commercial ELISA for diagnosis
of paratuberculosis in cattle. Journal of the American Veterinary
Medical Association. April 1, 2001; 218 (7): 1163-1166. ISSN: 0003-1488
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: evaluate sensitivity and specificity, new ELISA for antibodies,
Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis, serum samples, cattle, level of test
sensitivity and reliability, interpretation of test results.
Dargatz, David A.; Byrum, Beverly A.; Hennage,r Steven G.; Barber, Linda K.;
Kopral, Christine A.; Wagner, Bruce A.; Wells, Scott J. Prevalence
of antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis among beef
cow-calf herds. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.
August 15, 2001; 219 (4): 497-501. ISSN: 0003-1488
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: beef cattle, levels of infection, 380US herds in 21 states,
serum testing for antibodies, ELISA, herd management practices, rather low rate
of infection.
Dimareli, Malli Z.; Sarris, K. Comparison of
DNA probe test and cultivation methods for detection of Mycobacterium avium
subsp paratuberculosis in caprine and ovine faeces. Australian Veterinary
Journal. January, 2001; 79 (1): 47-50. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: 3 detection methods compared, DNA probe, double incubation
method, conventional culture method, Herrold's medium, goats, sheep, fecal sampling,
levels of sensitivity, use in control measures.
Dinsmore, R.P. Updates on Johne's Disease. Large Anim Pract. Irvine,
Calif. : Veterinary Practice Pub. Co., c1997. Mar/Apr 2000. v. 21 (2) p. 20,
24-25. ISSN: 1092-7603
NAL Call No.: SF601.B6
Descriptors: dairy cows, beef cattle, etiology, paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium
avium ssp paratuberculosis, disease prevalence, Crohn's disease in humans, disease
control, milkborne diseases.
Dundee, L.; Grant, I. R.; Ball, H. J.; Rowe, M. T. Comparative
evaluation of four decontamination protocols for the isolation of Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis from milk. Letters in Applied Microbiology.
September, 2001; 33 (3): 173-177. ISSN: 0266-8254
NAL Call No.: QR1.L47
Descriptors: spiked milk, 4 chemical decontamination protocols, (1) hexadecylpyridinium
chloride (HPC) for 5 h; (2) and (3) Cornell methods employing brain heart infusion
broth containing 0.75% (w/v) and 0.9% (w/v) HPC, respectively; and (4) a C18-carboxypropylbetaine
(CB-18TM) method, evaluation of effectiveness and suitability.
Dupont, Chris; Murray, Alan. Identification,
cloning and expression of sodC from an alkaline phosphatase gene fusion library
of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Microbios.
2001; 106 (Supplement 1): 7-19. ISSN: 0026-2633
NAL Call No.: QR1 M54
Descriptors: phoA gene technology, sodC gene, copper and zinc cofactored
superoxide dismutase, recombinant protein, enzymatic activity.
Ellingson, Jay L. E.; Stabel, Judith R. Species-specific
genetic identification of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Official
Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office Patents. [e-file]
Aug. 21, 2001; 1249 (3): No Pagination. ISSN: 0098-1133
NAL Call No.: T223.A21
Abstract: An M. paratuberculosis gene referred to as hspX provides a
useful target region for the construction of suitable probes and primers that
are species-specific for distinguishing M. paratuberculosis from related mycobacteria
in a test sample. M. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of Johne's disease
and has been isolated from human patients with Crohn's disease.
Descriptors: hspX gene, possible target region for probes and primers,
for possible diagnostic method.
El Zaatari, Fouad A. K.; Osato, Michael S.; Graham, David Y. Etiology
of Crohn's disease: The role of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis.
Trends in Molecular Medicine. June, 2001; 7 (6): 247-252. ISSN: 1471-4914
Descriptors: causal organism, Crohn’s disease, detection of IS900,
PCR, situ hybridization in tissues, serologic immune response to MAP antigens.
Englund, S.; Bolske, G.; Ballagi, Pordany A.; Johansson, K. E. Detection
of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in tissue samples by single,
fluorescent and nested PCR based on the IS900 gene. Veterinary Microbiology.
8 August, 2001; 81 (3): 257-271. ISSN: 0378-1135
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Descriptors: detection method, comparison of PCR methods, pluses and
minuses of methods discussed.
Fischer, O.; Matlova, L.; Dvorska, L.; Svastova, P.; Bartl, J.; Melicharek,
I.; Weston, R. T.; Pavlik, I. Diptera as vectors
of mycobacterial infections in cattle and pigs. Medical and Veterinary
Entomology. June, 2001; 15 (2): 208-211. ISSN: 0269-283X
NAL Call No.: RA639.M44
Descriptors: 7791 adult Diptera, cattle herds and pig herds with mycobacterial
infections, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium (serotype
8), Mycobacterium avium ssp.avium (serotype 8), Drosophila, Musca, Mycobacterium
fortuitum, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, Mycobacterium phlei, Scatophaga Meigen,
Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, Lucilia Caesar, Stomoxys calcitrans, infected
flies role in spreading disease.
Goethe, R.; Jeckstadt, S.; Kuehnel, M.; zur Lage, S.; Weiss, S.; Valentin,
Welgand P. Modulation of macrophage functions
by Mycobacterium avium ssp. Paratuberculosis. Biology of the Cell
Paris. October, 2001; 93 (3-4): 211. ISSN: 0248-4900 Note: First Joint French-German
Congress on Cell Biology, Strasbourg, France, November 07-09, 2001.
NAL Call No.: QH201.J6
Descriptors: bacterial pathogen behavior, impacts on immune system, white
blood cells.
Grant, I. R.; O' Riordan, L. M.; Ball, H. J.; Rowe, M. T. Incidence
of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in raw sheep and goats' milk in England, Wales
and Northern Ireland. Veterinary Microbiology. 20 March, 2001;
79 (2): 123-131. ISSN: 0378-1135
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Descriptors: sheep and goats, milk samples, assay, Johne’s disease
status, risks.
Grant, Irene R.; Rowe, Michael T.; Dundee, Louise; Hitchings, Edward. Mycobacterium
avium ssp. paratuberculosis: Its incidence, heat resistance and detection in
milk and dairy products. International Journal of Dairy Technology.
February, 2001; 54 (1): 2-13. ISSN: 1364-727X
NAL Call No.: SF221.I58
Descriptors: Johne’s disease, Crohn’s disease, possible food
borne disease, contaminated dairy products, pasteurized milk, need for research
on milk processing and on farm prevention.
Ghobrial, G.; Naser, S.
A. In vitro evaluation of nicotine effect on
mycobacterial growth.
Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology.
2001; 101: 704. ISSN: 1060-2011 Note: 101st General Meeting of the American
Society for Microbiology, Orlando, FL, USA, May 20-24, 2001
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: alkaloid treatment, various nicotine concentrations, effect
on Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, M. intracellulare,
M. smegamtis and M. tuberculosis strains H37Ra and ATCC 2577, potential therapeutic
application.
Groenendaal, H.; Nielen, M.; Hesselink, J.W. Development of the Dutch Johne's
disease control programme supported by a simulation model. Proceedings
of a meeting, Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine.
[Great Britain] : The Society, 1983. 2001. p. 141-152. ISSN: 0956-7496. Note:
Meeting held on March 28-30, 2001, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.
NAL Call No.: SF780.9.S63
Descriptors: paratuberculosis, control programs, simulation models, Johne's
disease, Netherlands.
Gwozdz, J. M.; Thompson, K. G.; Manktelow, B. W. Lymphocytic
neuritis of the ileum in sheep with naturally acquired and experimental paratuberculosis.
Journal of Comparative Pathology. May, 2001; 124 (4): 317-320. ISSN:
0021-9975
NAL Call No.: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: sheep, mononucleate inflammatory cells, ileal submucosa,
lesions, experimental infection, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis.
Harris, Janet E.; Lammerding, Anna M. Crohn's
disease and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: Current Issues.
Journal of Food Protection. December, 2001; 64 (12): 2103-2110. ISSN:
0362-028X
NAL Call No.: 44.8 J824
Descriptors: human health risks, exposure to contaminated milk, Johne’s
disease, etiology of Crohn’s disease, food risk communication.
Harris, N. Beth; Barletta, Raul G. Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis in veterinary medicine. Clinical Microbiology
Reviews. July, 2001; 14 (3): 489-512. ISSN: 0893-8512
NAL Call No.: QR67.C54
Descriptors: bacterial disease, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment,
necropsy.
Hughes, V. M.; Stevenson, K.; Sharp, J. M. Improved
preparation of high molecular weight DNA for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
from mycobacteria. Journal of Microbiological Methods. April,
2001; 44 (3): 209-215. ISSN: 0167-7012
NAL Call No.: QR65.J68
Descriptors: epidemiology, clonal identity of bacterial, difficulty of
getting quality genomic DNA, various species in from stirred cultures tested, standardized method, typing
method, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium
bovis, Mycobacterium malmoense, Mycobacterium phlei strain NCTC-8151 Mycobacterium
smegmatis strain NCTC-8159; Mycobacterium terrae strain NCTC-9259; Mycobacterium
tuberculosis strain NCTC-14323.
Huntley, J. F. J.; Stabel, J. R.; Bannantine, J. P. Expression
library immunization of mice identified five genomic DNA clone pools that are
protective against colonization with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology.
2001; 101: 710. ISSN: 1060-2011 Note: 101st General Meeting of the American
Society for Microbiology, Orlando, FL, USA, May 20-24, 2001
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: Johne's disease, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis,
78 gene pools, PCR, C57BL/6J mice (6 week old, male, 20 grams), immunized, abdominal
inoculation, each clone pool via gene gun delivery, live bacteria challenge,
effectiveness of vaccinations.
Inglis, Neil F.; Stevenson, Karen; Davies, Richard C.; Heaslip, Darragh G.;
Sharp, J. Michael. Unique expression of a highly
conserved mycobacterial gene in IS901+ Mycobacterium avium. Microbiology
Reading. June, 2001; 147 (6): 1557-1564. ISSN: 1350-0872
NAL Call No.: QR1.J64
Descriptors: novel protein antigen, p40 gene, strain differences, nucleotide
sequence analysis, M. avium, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, M. bovis, M.
leprae, M. smegmatis, M. tuberculosis, putative promoter region, livestock and
bird strains. Nucleotide sequence: AF247653: GenBank, nucleotide sequence.
Johnson, Y. J.; Kaneene, J. B.; Gardiner, J. C.; Lloyd, J. W.; Sprecher, D.
J.; Coe, P. H. The effect of subclinical Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis infection on milk production in Michigan dairy cows.
Journal of Dairy Science. October, 2001; 84 (10): 2188-2194. ISSN: 0022-0302
NAL Call No.: 44.8 J822
Descriptors: cattle, subclinical diagnosis, milk, protein, fat production,
fecal culture, affect of parity on milk production.
Kalis, Cees H. J.; Hesselink, Jan Willem; Barkema, Herman W.; Collins, Michael
T. Use of long-term vaccination with a killed
vaccine to prevent fecal shedding of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis
in dairy herds. American Journal of Veterinary Research. February,
2001; 62 (2): 270-274. ISSN: 0002-9645
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Am3A
Descriptors: dairy cows, vaccination of calves with killed vaccine, level
of fecal shedding after vaccination, prevention and control method, compared
to culture and cull, 58 Dutch dairy herds, lack of efficacy, Netherlands.
Katayama, Nobuya; Tanaka, Chigusa ; Fujita, Takumi; Suzuki, Takumi; Watanabe,
Shigeyuki; Suzuki, Shuka. Effects of silage
fermentation and ammonia treatment on activity of Mycobacterium avium subsp.
paratuberculosis. Grassland Science. August, 2001; 47 (3): 296-299.
ISSN: 0447-5933 Note: In Japanese with English and Japanese summaries.
NAL Call No.: 60.9 J27
Descriptors: silo moisture and acidity, storage and survivability, moisture,
ammonia treated silages, organic acid, high pH, pouched silages, alfalfa hay,
grass and forage crops, feed contamination control.
Kennedy, D. J.; Benedictus, G. Control of Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in agricultural species. Revue
Scientifique et Technique Office International des Epizooties. April, 2001;
20 (1): 151-179. ISSN: 0253-1933 Note: In English with English, French and Spanish
summaries.
NAL Call No.: SF781.R4
Descriptors: livestock, prevention and control programs, surveillance,
issues and concerns of designing and implementing a program, costs of programs,
epidemiology, diagnostic tools.
Kennedy, D. J.; Allworth, B. Ovine Johne's
disease: Progress and challenges. Australian Veterinary Journal.
July, 2001; 79 (7): 482-483. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: sheep, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, epidemiology,
prevention and control concerns.
Klawonn, W.; Draeger, K.; Guetler, S.; Zimmer, K.; Hess, R. G.; Baumgartner,
W. Zur Eignung verschiedener kommerziell erhaeltlicher
ELISA-Systeme fuer den Antikoerpernachweis bei Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-ausscheidenden
Tieren. [Evaluation of various ELISA kits for the detection of antibodies to
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cattle. ] Tieraerztliche
Umschau. 1 Dezember, 2001; 56 (12): 648-654. ISSN: 0049-3864. Note: In German.
NAL Call No.: 41.8 T445
Descriptors: cows, fecal secretors, IDEXX/CSL-ELISA, HerdCheck-ELISA,
Svanovir-ELISA, ELISA from PourQuier Institute, antibody testing, test sensitivity
and reliability, results compared, control programs.
Klijn, N.; Herrewegh, A. A. P. M.; de Jong, P. Heat
inactivation data for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: Implications
for interpretation. Journal of Applied Microbiology. October,
2001; 91 (4): 697-704. ISSN: 1364-5072
NAL Call No.: QR1 J687
Descriptors: factors for future research, calculated heat inactivation,
modeling and inactivation curve of MAP, cell clumping, food safety testing.
Koehler, H.; Gyra, H.; Zimmer, K.; Draeger, K. G.; Burkert, B.; Lemser, B.;
Hausleithner, D.; Cussler, K.; Klawonn, W.; Hess, R. G. Immune
reactions in cattle after immunization with a Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
vaccine and implications for the diagnosis of M. paratuberculosis and M. bovis
infections. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B. April, 2001;
48 (3): 185-195. ISSN: 0931-1793
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Z52
Descriptors: calves, experimental immunization, live modified Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis vaccine, shedding, tuberculin skin test, diagnostic tests,
antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, interferon-gamma test, polymerase
chain reaction, interferon-gamma production, check for infection.
Koets, Ad P.; Rutten, Victor P. M. G.; deBoer, Masja; Bakker, Douwe; Valentin,
Weigand, Peter; van Eden, Willem. Differential
changes in heat shock protein-, lipoarabinomannan-, and purified protein derivative-specific
immunoglobulin G1 and G2 isotype responses during bovine Mycobacterium avium
subsp. paratuberculosis infection. Infection and Immunity. March,
2001; 69 (3): 1492-1498. ISSN: 0019-9567
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
Descriptors: cattle, changes from asymptomatic to clinical stage, serological
responses, immune responsiveness, IgG1, IgG2, Hsp70, Hsp65.
Lee, H.; Stabel, J. R.; Kehrli, M. E. Jr. Cytokine
gene expression in ileal tissues of cattle infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. September 28, 2001; 82 (1-2):
73-85. ISSN: 0165-2427
NAL Call No.: SF757.2.V38
Descriptors: cows, cattle, immune regulation impacts, interleukin-1alpha
(IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, IL-6, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), comparison between
infected and non-infected animals.
Leitch, E. Carol McWilliam; Duncan, Sylvia H.; Stanley, Karen N.; Stewart,
Colin S. Dietary effects on the microbiological
safety of food. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. May, 2001;
60 (2): 247-255. ISSN: 0029-6651
NAL Call No.: 389.9 N953
Descriptors: rumen simulating fermentors, studying survival of food borne
pathogens, E. coli 0157:H7, salmonella, Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium paratuberculosi,
Campylobacter and Listeria.
Liu, X.; Feng, Z.; Harris, N.B.; Cirillo, J.D.; Bercovier, H.; Barletta, R.G.
Identification of a secreted superoxide dismutase in Mycobacterium avium
ssp. paratuberculosis. FEMS Micro Biol Lett. Amsterdam,
The Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V. Aug 21, 2001. v. 202 (2) p. 233-238.
ISSN: 0378-1097
NAL Call No.: QR1.F44
Abstract: Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis),
the causative agent of Johne's disease, is an important animal pathogen that
has also been implicated in human disease. The major proteins expressed by M.
paratuberculosis were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and a
superoxide dismutase (Sod) was identified from this protein profile. The M.
paratuberculosis Sod has a molecular mass of 23 kDa and an isoelectric point
of 6.1. Sequence analysis of the corresponding sodA gene from M. paratuberculosis
indicates that this protein is a manganese-dependent enzyme. We show that the
M. paratuberculosis Sod is actively secreted, suggesting that it may elicit
a protective cellular immune response in the host during infection.
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, Johne's disease,
zoonoses, protein analysis, superoxide dismutase, host immune response.
Manning, E. J. B.; Collins, M. T. Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis: Pathogen, pathogenesis and diagnosis.
Revue Scientifique et Technique Office International des Epizooties.
April, 2001; 20 (1): 133-150. ISSN: 0253-1933 Note: In English with English,
French, and Spanish summaries.
NAL Call No.: SF781.R4
Descriptors: domestic ruminants, primates, rabbits, stoats, foxes, free
ranging and captive wildlife, prevalence in Europe, US, herd size effects, Australia
infections rates, economic effects.
Marsh, I. B.; Whittington, R. J. Progress towards
a rapid polymerase chain reaction diagnostic test for the identification of
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in faeces. Molecular and
Cellular Probes. April, 2001; 15 (2): 105-118. ISSN: 0890-8508
NAL Call No.: RB43.7.M63
Descriptors: sheep, pooled fecal samples, diagnostic test evaluation,
simpler direct PCR technique using primers from the 5' region of IS900, Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis, hybridization capture polymerase chain reaction
(HC-PCR), level of sensitivity, flock diagnosis for Johne’s.
Mason, O.; Marsh, I. B.; Whittington, R. J. Comparison
of immunomagnetic bead separation-polymerase chain reaction and faecal culture
for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in sheep faeces.
Australian Veterinary Journal. July, 2001; 79 (7): 497-500. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: fecal culture, sheep, detection methods, comparison study.
Miltner, E.; Cirillo, J.; Bermudez, L. E. Identification
of Mycobacterium avium genes associated with the ability to invade intestinal
epithelial cells. Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American
Society for Microbiology. 2001; 101: 708. ISSN: 1060-2011 Note: 101st General
Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Orlando, FL, USA, May 20-24,
2001.
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: genes upregulated during binding and invasion of mucosal
epithelial cells, L5 phage promoter, clone evaluation for increased expression,
ability to invade Hep-2 epithelial cells, infection process.
Muskens, J.; Bakker, D.; de Boer, J.; van Keulen, L. Paratuberculosis
in sheep: Its possible role in the epidemiology of paratuberculosis in cattle.
Veterinary Microbiology. 26 January, 2001; 78 (2): 101-109. ISSN: 0378-1135
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Descriptors: sheep; diagnosis of flock infection; shared sheep and cattle
grazing; biochemistry, serology, and intradermal testing; necropsy results;
epidemiology; disease transmission.
Nielsen, S.S.; Houe, H.; Thamsborg, S.M.; Bitsch, V. Comparison of two enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assays for serologic diagnosis of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease)
in cattle using different subspecies strains of Mycobacterium avium. J
Vet Diagn Invest. Lawrence, Kan. : AAVLD. Mar 2001. v. 13 (2) p. 164-166.
ISSN:1040-6387
NAL Call No.: SF774.J68
Descriptors: cattle, Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis, paratuberculosis,
bacterial antigens, ELISA, immunodiagnosis, antibody testing accuracy.
Odumeru, Joseph; Gao, Anli; Chen, Shu; Raymond, Melinda; Mutharia, Lucy. Use
of the bead beater for preparation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis template
DNA in milk. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research. October,
2001; 65 (4): 201-205. ISSN: 0830-9000 Note: In English with a French summary.
NAL Call No.: SF601.C24
Descriptors: detection in milk samples, PCR, lysing bacteria, bead beater,
freeze-thaw, InstaGene Matrix, QIAamp Tissue Kit, sensitivity levels.
Olsen, Ingrid; Tryland, Morten; Wiker, Harald G.; Reitan, Liv J. AhpC,
AhpD, and a secreted 14-kilodalton antigen from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
distinguish between paratuberculosis and bovine tuberculosis in an enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology.
July, 2001; 8 (4): 797-801. ISSN: 1071-412X
Descriptors: cattle, sera, natural and experimental infections, antibody
testing, ELISA, experimental TB, responses compared, AhpC and AhpD, purified
antigens needed to differentiate species of Mycobacterium.
Olsen, Ingrid; Reitan, Liv J.; Wiker, Harald G. Distinct
differences in repertoires of low-molecular-mass secreted antigens of Mycobacterium
avium complex and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Journal of Clinical
Microbiology. December, 2001; 38 (12): 4453-4458. ISSN: 0095-1137
NAL Call No.: QR46.J6
Descriptors: antigens, culture filtrate, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis, Western blot, homologous gene, differential expression.
Olsen, I.; Storset, A. K. Innate IFN-gamma
production in cattle in response to MPP14, a secreted protein from Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology.
September, 2001; 54 (3): 306-313. ISSN: 0300-9475
Descriptors: cattle, calves, experimental infection, testing infected
and non-infected for interferon (IFN)-gamma production, MPP14, CD8+ cells, CD4+cells,
protein derivative, interference with diagnostic tests.
Paolicchi, F. A.; Vagnozzi,
A; Morsella, C. G.; Verna, A. E.; Massone, A. R.; Portiansky, E. L.; Gimeno,
E. J. Paratuberculosis in red deer (Cervus elaphus):
An immunohistochemical study.
Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B.
May, 2001; 48 (4): 313-320. ISSN: 0931-1793
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Z52
Descriptors: deer, methods comparison study, immunohistochemistry, serological
results, histological results, tissue samples from intestinge, mesemteric lymph
nodes, bacterial isolation, Ziehl-Neelsen stained bacteria, macrophages, Langhans-type
giant cells.
Parrish, Nikki M.; Houston, Todd; Jones, Paul B.; Townsend, Craig; Dick, James
D. In vitro activity of a novel antimycobacterial
compound, N-octanesulfonylacetamide, and its effects on lipid and mycolic acid
synthesis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. April, 2001;
45 (4): 1143-1150. ISSN: 0066-4804
NAL Call No.: RM265.A5132
Descriptors: N-octanesulfonylacetamide (OSA), possible inhibitor of fatty
acid and mycolic acid biosynthesis, Mycobacterium, comparative study of species
and strains, slow and rapid growing species effects compared, disruption of
cell wall synthesis, incomplete septum formation, OSA inhibition in growth in
both isoniazid-resistant and multidrug resistant strains of M. tuberculosis.
Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in vitro activity, mycolic acid.
Pearce, Lindsay E.; Truong, H. Tuan; Crawford, Robert A.; Yates, Gary F.; Cavaignac,
Sonia; de Lisle, Geoffrey W. Effect of turbulent-flow
pasteurization on survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis added
to raw milk. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. ] September,
2001; 67 (9): 3964-3969. ISSN: 0099-2240
NAL Call No.: 448.3 Ap5
Descriptors: heat sensitivity, experimentally infected raw milk, ATCC
19698 and ATCC 43015 strains, 3 bovine isolates, contaminated fecal material,
treatments of 65,66,69 and 72degrees C, survival rates.
Pillai, Shreekumar R.; Jayarao, Bhushan M.; Gummo, Jennifer D.; Hue, Eric C.
Jr.; Tiwari, Deepanker; Stabel, Judith R.; Whitlock, Robert H. Identification
and sub-typing of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium
avium subsp. avium by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA. Veterinary
Microbiology. 2 April, 2001; 79 (3): 275-284. ISSN: 0378-1135
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Descriptors: commercial kit, identification and sub-typing, selection
of a suitable primer that would permit identification and sub-typing of Mycobacterium
avium ssp. paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium, primer OPE-20
(5'-AAC-GGT-GAC-C-3'), fingerprint patters, fragments, cattle, sheep and human
isolates, ATCC strains.
Rajukumar, K.; Tripathi, B. N.; Kurade, N. P.; Parihar, N. S. An
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using immunoaffinity-purified antigen in the
diagnosis of caprine paratuberculosis and its comparison with conventional ELISAs.
Veterinary Research Communications. October, 2001; 25 (7): 539-553. ISSN:
0165-7380
NAL Call No.: SF601.38
Descriptors: APA ELISA, detection of antibodies in goat sera, fecal cultures,
histopathology for disease confirmation, test evaluation.
Rossiter, C. A.; Henning, W. R. Isolation of
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (M. ptb) from thin market cows at slaughter.
Journal of Dairy Science. 2001; 84 (Supplement 1): 113-114. ISSN: 0022-0302
Note: Joint Meeting of the American Diary Science Association, American Meat
Science Association, American Society of Animal Science and the Poultry Science
Association, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, July 24-28, 2001
Journal URL: http://www.ADSA.org/jds
NAL Call No.: SF221 A4
Descriptors: cattle, disease testing, slaughter, incidence of disease,
Johne’s disease, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis.
Rowan, Neil J.; MacGregor, Scott J.; Anderson, John G.; Cameron, Douglas; Farish,
Owen. Inactivation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
by pulsed electric fields. Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
June, 2001; 67 (6): 2833-2836. ISSN: 0099-2240
NAL Call No.: 448.3 Ap5
Descriptors: viability testing, M. paratuberculosis cells, peptone water
and sterilized cow’s milk, cellular damage.
Ryan, Paul; Bennett, Michael W.; Aarons, Simon; Lee, Gary; O' Connell, Joe;
Collins, John K.; O' Sullivan, Gerald C.; Shanahan, Fergus. A
search for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis by PCR in Crohn's granulomas isolated
laser capture microdissection. Gastroenterology. April, 2001;
120 (5 Supplement 1): A.325. ISSN: 0016-5085 Note: 102nd Annual Meeting of the
American Gastroenterological Association and Digestive Disease Week, Atlanta,
Georgia, USA, May 20-23, 2001
Journal URL: http://www.gastrojournal.org/
NAL Call No.: RC799.G37
Descriptors: diagnostic method, cattle, humans, Johne’s, Crohn’s
disease, Mycobacterium avium ssp. Paratuberculosis.
Sasahara, K. C.; Boor, K. Detection of viable
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using luciferase reporter systems.
Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology.
2001; 101: 576. ISSN: 1060-2011 Note: 101st General Meeting of the American
Society for Microbiology, Orlando, FL, USA, May 20-24, 2001
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, rapid detection
methods, contamination of milk, mycobacterial luciferase reporter system, pathogen
survivability.
Schwartz, Brett D.; De Voss, James J. Structure
and absolute configuration of mycobactin J. Tetrahedron Letters.
21 May, 2001; 42 (21): 3653-3655. ISSN: 0040-4039
NAL Call No.: 385 T29
Descriptors: siderophore, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis,
stereochemistry, methods, applications to other mycobactins.
Sechi, Leonardo A.; Manuela, Mura; Francesco, Tanda; Amelia, Lissia; Antonello,
Solinas; Giovanni, Fadda; Stefania, Zanetti. Identification
of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in biopsy specimens from patients
with Crohn's disease identified by in situ hybridization. Journal
of Clinical Microbiology. December, 2001; 39 (12): 4514-4517. ISSN: 0095-1137
NAL Call No.: QR46.J6
Descriptors: Crohn’s disease, cell wall deficient Mycobacterium
avium ssp. paratuberculosis, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens, humans.
Secott, T.E.; Lin, T.L.; Wu, C.C. Fibronectin attachment protein homologue
mediates fibronectin binding by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
Infect Immun. Washington, D.C., American Society for Microbiology.
Apr 2001. v. 69 (4) p. 2075-2082.
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57 ISSN: 0019-9567
Abstract: Attachment of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to
host tissue and penetration of mucosal surfaces are pivotal events in the pathogenesis
of Johne's disease. Fibronectin (FN) binding is required for attachment and
internalization of several mycobacteria by epithelial cells in vitro. The objective
of this study was to further characterize the FN binding activity of M. avium
subsp. paratuberculosis. Although the bacteria bound FN poorly at pH above 7,
brief acid pretreatment greatly enhanced FN binding within the pH range (3 to
10) studied. A 4.6-kbp fragment from an M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genomic
library was found to contain a 1,107-bp open reading frame that shows very high
nucleotide sequence identity with that of the FN attachment protein (FAP) gene
of M. avium subsp. avium. Pretreatment of FN with an FN-binding peptide from
M. avium subsp. avium FAP abolished FN binding, indicating that M. avium subsp.
paratuberculosis binds FN in a FAP-dependent manner. Pretreatment of M. avium
subsp. paratuberculosis with anti-FAP immunoglobulin G did not abrogate FN binding;
blocking occurred only when anti-FAP was added together with FN. FAP was detected
by immunofluorescence only in lipid-extracted M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
Western blotting and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that FAP is located
near the interior of the cell envelope of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
The results indicate that a FAP homologue mediates the attachment of FN to M.
avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Further, given the subcellular location of FAP,
it is considered that this protein operates at the terminus of a coordinated
FN binding system in the cell envelope of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis binding
proteins, bacterial proteins, nucleotide sequences, genes, molecular sequence
data.
Sergeant, E. S. G. Ovine Johne's disease in
Australia: The first 20 years. Australian Veterinary Journal.
July, 2001; 79 (7): 484-491. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: sheep, historical review of the disease in Australia, introduction
information dates, movement of the disease, economic impact, control, diagnostic
techniques, surveillance strategies, distribution and prevalence.
Spahr, U.; Schafroth, K. Fate of Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Swiss hard and semihard cheese manufactured
from raw milk. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. September,
2001; 67 (9): 4199-4205. ISSN: 0099-2240
NAL Call No.: 448.3 Ap5
Descriptors: experimentally contaminated cheese; declumped cells; Swiss
Emmentaler; semihard Swiss Tisliter; bacterial cell survival; 7H10-PANTA agar
plating media; factors affecting ripening were temperature, low pH, and time
of 90-120 days.
Stabel, J. R.; Whitlock, R. H. An evaluation
of a modified interferon-gamma assay for the detection of paratuberculosis in
dairy herds. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 10 May,
2001; 79 (1-2): 69-81. ISSN: 0165-2427
NAL Call No.: SF757.2.V38
Descriptors: dairy cattle, blood sampling, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, infected
herds, Johne’s disease, fecal culture, concanavalin A (ConA), IFN gamma,
commercial ELISA antibody test, test accuracy, subclinical infection, useful
for culling decisions.
Stabel, Judith R.; Harp, James A.; Pesch, Bruce. Infection
with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis on immune cell phenotype.
FASEB Journal. March 7, 2001; 15 (4): A309. ISSN: 0892-6638 Note: Annual
Meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology on
Experimental Biology 2001, Orlando, Florida, USA, March 31-April 04, 2001
NAL Call No.: QH301.F3
Descriptors: paratuberculosis, Johne's disease, ruminant bacterial disease,
gammadelta-TCR subset of T cells, role in containing the infection, subclinically
infected cows, brogation of gammadelta-TCR T cell response may be responsible
for the shift between subclinical and clinical disease states for paratuberculosis.
Stabel, Judith; Waldren, Charles; Garry, Frank. Ionizing
radiation effectively destroys Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in milk.
Journal of Dairy Science. 2001; 84 (Supplement 1): 27. ISSN: 0022-0302
Note: Joint Meeting of the American Diary Science Association, American Meat
Science Association, American Society of Animal Science and the Poultry Science
Association, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, July 24-28, 2001
Journal URL: http://www.ADSA.org/jds
NAL Call No.: SF221 A4
Descriptors: milk, sterilization with ionizing radiation, Mycobacterium
avium ssp. paratuberculosis, public health, disease control.
Stabel, J.R. On-farm batch pasteurization destroys Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
in waste milk. J Dairy Sci. Savoy, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association. Feb 2001. v. 84 (2) p. 524-527. ISSN: 0022-0302
NAL Call No.: 44.8 J822
Abstract: A recent dairy survey conducted in 1996 by the National Animal
Health Monitoring System suggests between 20 and 40% of dairy herds in the United
States have some level of Johne's disease. This figure will continue to increase
unless producers implement management regimes that will help control the spread
of this disease within their herds. The neonatal calf is the target for infection
with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, the causative agent of Johne's disease.
Calves become infected via exposure to the bacterium through contaminated feces,
bedding, colostrum, and milk. Shedding of viable M. paratuberculosis has been
documented in the colostrum and milk of infected dams. This study evaluated
the efficacy of on-farm pasteurization to destroy M. paratuberculosis in waste
milk fed to calves to circumvent this mode of transmission. In three replicate
experiments, waste milk was experimentally inoculated with M. paratuberculosis
and heated at 65.5 degrees C for 30 min. No viable bacteria were recovered after
28 wk of incubation. These results suggest that batch pasteurization of waste
milk contaminated with M. paratuberculosis was effective at generating a clean
product to feed to young calves.
Descriptors: calves, calf feeding, disease survey, pasteurization, efficacy
of on-farm pasteurization of waste milk, Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis,
bacterial count, milk quality, disease control, Johne's disease, US.
Stabel, J. On-farm batch pasteurization destroys
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in waste milk. Journal of Dairy Science.
2001; 84 (Supplement 1): 187. ISSN: 0022-0302 Note: Joint Meeting of the
American Diary Science Association, American Meat Science Association, American
Society of Animal Science and the Poultry Science Association, Indianapolis,
Indiana, USA, July 24-28, 2001
Journal URL: http://www.ADSA.org/jds
NAL Call No.: SF221 A4
Descriptors: Johne’s disease, on the farm disease prevention and
control, sanitation, dairy cattle, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis.
Storset, A. K.; Hasvold, H. J.; Valheim, M.; Brun, Hansen H.; Berntsen, G.;
Whist, S. K.; Djonne, B.; Press, C. McL.; Holstad, G.; Larsen, H. J. S. Subclinical
paratuberculosis in goats following experimental infection: An immunological
and microbiological study. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology.
10 August, 2001; 80 (3-4): 271-287. ISSN: 0165-2427
NAL Call No.: SF757.2.V38
Descriptors: goats, experimental infection of kids, caprine isolate,
Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, bacterial suspension in milk-replacement,
cellular responses monitored, lesions, pathology.
Strommenger, Birgit; Stevenson, Karen; Gerlach, Gerald F. Isolation
and diagnostic potential of ISMav2, a novel insertion sequence-like element
from Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. FEMS Microbiology
Letters. 1 March, 2001; 196 (1): 31-37. ISSN: 0378-1097
NAL Call No.: QR1.F44
Descriptors: mycobacterial IS elements, ISMav2, 50% identity to a non-composite
transposon of Streptomyces coelicolor at the DNA and protein level, potential
diagnostic tool.
Tessema, M. Z.; Koets, A. P.; Rutten, V. P. M. G.; Gruys, E. How
does Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis resist intracellular degradation?
Veterinary Quarterly. November, 2001; 23 (4): 153-162. ISSN: 0165-2176
NAL Call No.: SF601 V46
Descriptors: microbial resistance, thick, lipid-rich cell envelope, 3
level survival strategies, safe entry, intracellular trafficking of mycobacteria-containing
phagosomes, modulation of the immune process, implications, epidemiology, diagnosis,
control.
Thomsen, B. V.; Steadham, E. M.; Gallup, J. M.; Ackermann, M. R.; Brees, D.
J.; Cheville, N. F. T cell-dependent inducible
nitric oxide synthase production and ultrastructural morphology in BALB/c mice
infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Journal
of Comparative Pathology. August-October, 2001; 125 (2-3): 137-144. ISSN:
0021-9975
NAL Call No.: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: euthymic BALB/c mice, athymic nude BALB/c mice, intraperitoneal
injection, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (ATCC strain 19698),
hepatic granuloma evaluation, morphometric analysis of digital images, light
microscopy sections, electron microscopy, immunohistochemical methods, responses
compared.
Veerabadran, D. Cloning and characterization
of the genes coding for antigen 85A, 85B and 85C of Mycobacterium avium subsp.
paratuberculosis. Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society
for Microbiology. 2001; 101: 740. ISSN: 1060-2011 Note: 101st General Meeting
of the American Society for Microbiology, Orlando, FL, USA, May 20-24, 2001
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, antigen 85-A,
B, & C genes, homology with other species.
Vidic, Branka; Grgic, Z.; Bjelajac, B.; Trkulja, R.
Ispitivanje rasprostranjenosti paratuberkuloze kod goveda i ovaca. [Investigations
of spread of paratuberculosis in cattle and sheep. ] Veterinarski
Glasnik. 2001; 55 (1-2): 9-16. ISSN: 0350-2457 Note: In Serbian with English,
Serbian and Russian summaries.
NAL Call No.: 41.8 J93
Descriptors: cattle, sheep, epidemiology, serum sampling, AGID and CBR
diagnostic tests, antibody titers, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, survey, Backa.
Weber, M. F.; Verhoeff, J. Integrale dierziektebestrijding
op melkveebedrijven: Visie van rundveedierenartsen op een casus. [Integrated
disease control in dairy herds: A case study from the veterinarians' viewpoint.
] Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde. 15 Mei, 2001; 126 (10): 340-345.
ISSN: 0040-7453 Note: In Dutch with summaries in English and Netherlandish.
NAL Call No.: 41.8 T431
Descriptors: control of intestinal diseases, dairy cattle, bovine virus
diarrhoea virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo
subtype hardjobovis, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, Salmonella Dublin,
sequential ranking for disease control, voluntary culling infected cattle, Netherlands.
Weiss, Douglas J.; Evanson, Oral A.; McClenahan, David J.; Abrahamsen, Mitchell
S.; Walcheck, Bruce K. Regulation of expression
of major histocompatibility antigens by bovine macrophages infected with Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. Infection
and Immunity. February, 2001; 69 (2): 1002-1008. ISSN: 0019-9567
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
Descriptors: cattle, bovine macrophages, histocompatibility complex (MHC)
class I and class II antigens on their surface and interaction with primed autologous
lymphocytes, changes over 24 and 12 hours, differences in virulence, suppression
of mycobacteria antigen presentation to T lymphocytes.
Whan, L. B.; Grant, I. R.; Ball, H. J.; Scott, R.; Rowe, M. T. Bactericidal
effect of chlorine on Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in drinking water.
Letters in Applied Microbiology. September, 2001; 33 (3): 227-231. ISSN:
0266-8254
NAL Call No.: QR1.L47
Descriptors: transmission, contaminated drinking water, effects of standard
water treatment processes, strains MAP NCTC 8578, human strain Linda, ATCC 43015,
chlorine treatments, effects of level of populations and time of exposure.
Whittington, R. J.; Taragel, C. A.; Ottaway, S.; Marsh, I.; Seaman, J.; Fridriksdottir,
V. Molecular epidemiological confirmation and
circumstances of occurrence of sheep (S) strains of Mycobacterium avium subsp.
paratuberculosis in cases of paratuberculosis in cattle in Australia and sheep
and cattle in Iceland. Veterinary Microbiology. 19 April, 2001;
79 (4): 311-322. ISSN: 0378-1135
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Descriptors: polymorphism in IS1311, sheep and cattle strains of bacteria,
history of strain introductions, effects of different husbandry practices, Australia,
Iceland, imported animals, survey of imported animals.
Whittington, R. J.; Sergeant, E. S. G. Progress
towards understanding the spread, detection and control of Mycobacterium avium
subsp paratuberculosis in animal populations. Australian Veterinary
Journal. April, 2001; 79 (4): 267-278. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: pathogenesis, epidemiology, information review, aspects
of the disease, infection, transmission, incubation period, detection.
Whittington, R.J.; Lloyd, J.B.; Reddacliff, L.A. Recovery of Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis from nematode larvae cultured from the faeces
of sheep with Johne's disease. Vet Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands
: Elsevier Science B.V. Aug 8, 2001. v. 81 (3) p. 273-279. ISSN: 0378-1135
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Abstract: A study was conducted to determine whether trichostrongylid
nematode larvae become contaminated with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
when they develop in the faeces of sheep with Johne's disease. Nematode larvae
were hatched from ova in the faecal samples of affected sheep. Larval sheaths
were removed and these as well as exsheathed larvae were subjected to radiometric
culture for M. paratuberculosis. The organism was recovered from washing water
used to prepare the larvae, third stage larvae and larval sheaths, but not from
exsheathed larvae. The recovery of M. paratuberculosis from larvae was associated
with the severity of the histological lesions in affected sheep and with the
results of culture of the organism from intestinal tissues and faeces. Nematode
parasites of sheep might be able to act as mechanical vectors for M. paratuberculosis
as the organism associates with infective third stage larvae when these develop
in the faeces of sheep with Johne's disease.
Descriptors: sheep, Johne's disease, Mycobacterium avum ssp. paratuberculosis,
nematode larvae, intestinal tissue and feces, Trichostrongylidae, contamination,
ova, histology, disease vectors, infectivity.
Allworth, M.B.; Kennedy, D.J. Progress in national control and assurance
programs for ovine Johne's disease in Australia. Vet Microbiol. Amsterdam,
The Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4) p. 415-422.
ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In the special issue: Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease)
/ edited by R. Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium held February 14-18,
1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Abstract:: Since the detection of ovine Johne's disease in Australia
in 1980, 578 flocks have been diagnosed as infected, with 442 of these still
infected. The disease was initially believed to be confined to the central tablelands
area of NSW, but has subsequently been shown to be more widely distributed.
Sheep strains of M. paratuberculosis are known to infect sheep and goats in
south-eastern Australia. Although sheep strains have recently been identified
in some cattle in Australia, epidemiological evidence to date supports the distinction
between ovine Johne's disease, caused by sheep strains in sheep and goats, and
bovine Johne's disease, caused by cattle strains in cattle, goats and alpaca,
as a basis for control and eradication strategies. Four national initiatives
to control and better understand OJD are outlined. The Australian Johne's Disease
Market Assurance Program for sheep was launched in May 1997. By December 1998,
548 flocks had achieved an assessed negative status. Three flocks assigned a
flock status have subsequently been found to be infected. National standards
for State control of Johne's disease through zoning, movement controls and procedures
in infected and suspect flocks have also been developed. In addition, a $40.1
m National Ovine Johne's Disease Control and Evaluation Program was agreed to
in August 1998, and is currently being implemented. It is jointly funded by
National and State industries, and Commonwealth and State governments. Its objectives
are to deliver, through research and surveillance, a solid basis for a future
decision on the most appropriate course for dealing with OJD and to maintain
control of OJD nationally.
Descriptors: sheep, Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis, Johne's
disease control, detection,flock health, disease strains,geographical distribution,
epidemiology, goats, cattle, disease prevalence, surveillance, Australia.
Bakker, D.; Willemsen, P. T. J.; van Zijderveld, F. G. Paratuberculosis
recognized as a problem at last: A review. Veterinary Quarterly.
October, 2000; 22 (4): 200-204. ISSN: 0165-2176.
NAL Call No.: SF601 V46
Descriptors: current opinions, Johne's disease, Mycobacterium avium ssp.
paratuberculosis, incidence of disease, cattle and sheep, role in etiology of
Crohn's, issue of diagnostic tools, current status, control programs.
Bannantine, John P.; Stabel, Judith R. HspX
is present within Mycobacterium paratuberculosis-infected macrophages and is
recognized by sera from some infected cattle. Veterinary Microbiology.
20 October, 2000; 76 (4): 343-358. ISSN: 0378-1135
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Descriptors: cattle, rabbit antisera against recombinant protein of HspX
fused to the Escherichia coli maltose binding protein (MBP/HspX), infected murine
and bovine macrophages, sera testing.
Bannantine, J. P.; Stabel, J. R. Identification
of two M. paratuberculosis gene products differentially recognized by sera from
rabbits immunized with live mycobacteria but not sera raised against heat-killed
mycobacteria. Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society
for Microbiology. 2000; 100: 648. ISSN: 1060-2011 Note: 100th General Meeting
of the American Society for Microbiology, Los Angeles, California, USA, May
21-25, 2000
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descrioptors: bacterial molecular genetics, gene products, heat killed and
live bacteria, rabbits,
Corynebacterium glutamicum protein, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, genomic expression library of bacterial induced proteins, paratuberculosis antigens, polyketide synthase.
Beard, P. M.; Henderson, D.; Daniels, M.; Pirie, A.; Buxton, D.; Greig, A.;
Hutchings, M. R.; McKendrick, I.; Rhind, S.; Stevenson, K.; Sharp, J. M. Wildlife
reservoirs of paratuberculosis. Research in Veterinary Science.
June, 2000; 68 (Supplement A): 2. ISSN: 0034-5288 Note: 54th Annual Conference
of the Association of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers on Current Topics
in Veterinary Science, Scarborough, England, April 17-19, 2000.
NAL Call No.: 41.8 R312
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium ssp.paratuberculosis, pathogen vectors,
ruminants, Johne’s disease.
Beard, P.M.; Rhind, S.M.; Sinclair, M.C.; Wildblood, L.A.; Stevenson, K.; Mckendrick,
I.J.; Sharp, J.M.; Jones, D.G. Modulation of gammadelta T cells and CD1 in
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol.
Amsterdam : Elsevier. Dec 29, 2000. v. 77 (3/4) p. 311-319. ISSN: 0165-2427
NAL Call No.:SF757.2.V38
Abstract:: M.a. paratuberculosis is the causal agent of paratuberculosis
(Johne's disease). Recent work has suggested that gammadelta T cells may play
an important role in the early immunological response to mycobacterial diseases,
and that CD1 may act as a non-classical MHC molecule in antigen presentation
to these gammadelta T cells. Experimental infection of neonatal lambs with M.a.
paratuberculosis was used to investigate the changes in gammadelta T cells and
CD1 molecules in the gut associated lymphoid tissue 4 weeks after inoculation.
Immunohistochemistry was used to label the gammadelta lymphocytes and CD1 molecules.
An increase in the number of gammadelta T cells was noted in both the jejunal
and ileal Peyer's patches in the gut of infected lambs, but no statistically
significant change was found in the mesenteric lymph nodes. There were no obvious
changes in the CD1 molecules in any tissue. This work suggests that gammadelta
T cells may play a role in the initial immunological events of paratuberculosis
infection.
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis, gammadelta T-lymphocytes,
CD1molecules, lambs, experimental infections, jejunum, ileum, Peyer patches,
lymph nodes.
Benedictus, G.; Verhoeff, J.; Schukken, Y.H.; Hesselink, J.W. Dutch paratuberculosis
programme history, principles and development. Vet Microbiol. Amsterdam,
The Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4) p. 399-413.
ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In the special issue: Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease)
/ edited by R. Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium held February 14-18,
1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Abstract:: Organised disease control started in the Netherlands in the
18th century with governmental attempts to eradicate cattle plague. At the beginning
of the 20th century, the dairy industry and cattle breeding organisations initiated
a programme to control infectious diseases by means of a complex system of rewards
and penalties. This was also the reason for establishing the Animal Health Service
in Friesland in 1919. The history of programmes to control paratuberculosis
in sheep, goats, and cattle in various countries is described. The vaccination
of young animals seems to be an effective measure in the prevention of clinical
paratuberculosis, although changes in management and hygiene practices are also
important. A control programme for infectious cattle diseases has a number of
phases (a lifecycle) and different components. Two components are essential
for success, namely: open and regular communication with farmers, veterinary
practitioners, and other people involved and a good registration and identification
system for cattle, herds, and veterinary practitioners. The Dutch paratuberculosis
programme has 10 herd status levels: 5-10 for non-suspect herds and 1-4 for
infected herds or herds of unknown status. The higher the status, the greater
the chance that a herd is free of paratuberculosis. An outline is given of the
Dutch paratuberculosis programme including its objectives, basis principles
for eradication, communication plan, legal action, logistic considerations,
and complementary research programme.
Descriptors: dairy cattle, Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis,
history, disease control, government policy, vaccination, disease prevention,
hygiene, animal husbandry, life cycle, infections, Netherlands.
Bergeron, N.; Pare, J.; Fecteau, G. Le diagnostic
de la paratuberculose chez les bovins. [Diagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis.
] Medecin Veterinaire du Quebec. 2000; 30 (4): 215-219. ISSN:
0225-9591 Note: In French with English and French summaries.
NAL Call No.: SF602.M8
Descriptors: Johne’s, brief review of the disease in cattle, diagnostic
methods.
Boelaert, F.; Walravens, K.; Biront, P.; Vermeersch, J.P.; Berkvens, D.; Godfroid,
J. Prevalence of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in the Belgian cattle
population. Vet Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier
Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4) p. 269-281. ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In
the special issue: Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease) / edited by R.
Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne,
Australia.
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Abstract: The national bovine paratuberculosis (PTB) seroprevalence (apparent
prevalence) in the Belgian cattle population was determined by a serological
survey that was conducted from December 1997 to March 1998. In a random sample
of herds (N = 556, 9.5%), all adult cattle of 24 months of age or older (N =
13,317, 0.4%) were tested for the presence of antibodies using a commercially
available absorbed ELISA test kit. The PTB median within-herd seroprevalence
(proportion of detected animals within the seropositive herds) and the PTB individual-animal
seroprevalence (proportion of detected animals) were, respectively, 2.9% (quartiles
= 1.6-5.6) and 0.87% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.71-1.03). The PTB herd
seroprevalence (proportion of detected herds) was 18% (95% CI = 14-21). Assuming
a test sensitivity and specificity of 45 and 99% [Sweeney et al., 1995. J. Vet.
Diagn. Invest. 7 (4), 488; Sockett et al., 1992. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30 (5),
1134], respectively, the median true within-herd prevalence and the true individual-animal
were estimated to be 7 and 2%, respectively. The true herd prevalence of Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis infection was first estimated according to currently accepted
methodology. This calculation revealed that the specificity of the used test
has a dramatic effect on the estimation; assuming a test sensitivity of 45%
and a true within-herd prevalence of 7%, the true herd prevalence estimation
decreased from 36 to 0.8% if the test specificity decreased from 99.9 to 99%,
respectively. This sensitivity analysis showed that the practical limits of
the accuracy of the used screening test jeopardize the estimation of the true
herd prevalence within reasonable confidence limits, because the within-herd
PTB true prevalence was low. For this reason we augmented the herd specificity
for herds with larger adult herd size (>5). This was done by increasing the
cut-off number of positive cattle required (greater than or equal to 2) to classify
a herd truly positive and including herds with one positive test result if there
was historical evidence of PTB (previous diagnosis and/or clinical signs). This
approach resulted in an estimated true herd prevalence of M. paratuberculosis
infection of 6%. The true herd prevalence for dairy, mixed and beef herds was,
respectively, 10, 11 and 3%.
Descriptors: cattle, paratuberculosis, disease prevalence, Mycobacterium
avium ssp paratuberculosis, seroprevalence, serological surveys, herd health
status, estimation, screening, livestock numbers, statistical analysis, Belgium.
Brumbaugh, G. W.; Edwards, J. F.; Roussel, A. J. Jr.; Thomson, T. D. Effect
of monensin sodium on histological lesions of naturally occurring bovine paratuberculosis.
Journal of Comparative Pathology. July, 2000; 123 (1): 22-28. ISSN: 0021-9975
NAL Call No.: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: cattle, efficacy of drug treatment, drug delivery in feed,
pre- and post-lesion severity, 147.5 mg/kg, and each treated cow received 450
mg of monensin daily for 120 days, post mortem examination, positive effects
on ileum, liver, rectal mucosa, no effect seen on mesenteric lymph node.
Buergelt, C.D.; Ginn, P.E. The histopathologic diagnosis of subclinical
Johne's disease in North American Bison (Bison bison). Vet Microbiol.
Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4)
p. 325-331. ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In the special issue: Paratuberculosis
(Johne's Disease) / edited by R. Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium
held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Abstract:: The morphologic changes of subclinical Johne's disease in
North American Bison (Bison bison) are characterized by microgranulomas composed
of epithelioid macrophages and individual multinucleate giant cells of Langhans'-type
occasionally containing individual cytoplasmic acid-fast bacilli compatible
with Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis. The microgranulomas are best visualized
in the mesenteric lymph nodes of infected subclinical animals. Macrophages that
can be confused with infection-associated epithelioid macrophages in the mesenteric
lymph nodes are pigment-carrying cells from the intestinal tract. Mesenteric
lymph node biopsy may be a useful diagnostic tool for detection of mild subclinical
infection in individual ruminants from herds of unknown infection status. The
biopsy may also be useful for Johne's disease surveillance during test-and-cull
programs.
Descriptors: Bison bison, Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis, histopathology,
diagnosis, cytoplasm, giant cells, macrophages, lymph nodes, clinical aspects,
biopsy, diagnostic techniques, test and cull programs, North America.
Bull, Tim J.; Hermon, Taylor John; Pavlik, Ivo; El Zaatari, Fouad; Tizard,
Mark. Characterization of IS900 loci in Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis and development of multiplex PCR typing.
Microbiology Reading. September, 2000; 146 (9): 2185-2197. ISSN: 1350-0872
NAL Call No.: QR1.J64
Descriptors: genomic DNA flanking IS900 insertions characterized, homologues
identified, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. avium subsp. avium genomes, sigma
factor (sigJ) at locus 3, a nitrate reductase (nirA) at locus 4, a transcription
regulator (tetR) and polyketide synthase at locus 6, and a 6-O-methylguanine
methyltransferase at locus 9, DesA1 protein, isolates comparison, possible technique
for identification.
Nucleotide sequence information: AJ011838-: GenBank-, nucleotide-sequence; AJ250015-:
GenBank-, nucleotide-sequence; AJ250016-: GenBank-, nucleotide-sequence; AJ250017-:
GenBank-, nucleotide-sequence; AJ250018-: GenBank-, nucleotide-sequence; AJ250019-:
G enBank-, nucleotide-sequence; AJ250020-: GenBank-, nucleotide-sequence; AJ250021-:
GenBank-, nucleotide-sequence; AJ250022-: GenBank-, nucleotide-sequence; AJ250023-:
GenBank-, nucleotide-sequence; AJ251434-: GenBank-, nucleotide-sequence; AJ251435-:
GenB ank-, nucleotide-sequence; AJ251436-: GenBank-, nucleotide-sequence; AJ251437-:
GenBank-, nucleotide-sequence.
Bull, T.J.; Sheridan, J.M.; Martin, H.; Sumar, N.; Tizard, M.; Hermon-Taylor,
J. Further studies on the GS element a novel mycobacterial insertion sequence
(IS1612), inserted into an acetylase gene (mpa) in Mycobacterium avium subsp.
silvaticum but not in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Vet
Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000.
v. 77 (3/4) p. 453-463. ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In the special issue: Paratuberculosis
(Johne's Disease) / edited by R. Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium
held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Abstract:: We have recently described the GS element, found in Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum (MAS)
and some isolates of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium serotype 2 (MAAs2), which
contains a set of genes of low GC% content, putatively associated with the biosynthesis,
modification and transference of fucose to cell wall glycopeptidolipids. Here
we describe a further gene of low GC% content (mpa), within the GS element in
MAP. mpa is a putative acetyltransferase with homology to genes directly responsible
for host specificity and virulence in Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella flexneri.
Unlike other GS genes, strong homologues of mpa have not been found in related
species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). In MAP, mpa encodes an
ORF of 445aa, however, in MAS and MAAs2 mpa contains a single inserted copy
of a novel insertion sequence. This element (IS1612) has two sets of inverted
repeats at each terminus and encodes two ORFs with good homologies to transposase
and helper proteins of IS21 (E. coli) and IS1415 (R. erythropolis). Sequence
comparisons between mpa in MAP and MAS indicate the target site for IS1612 is
duplicated on insertion to give a direct repeat at each end of the element.
Immediately, downstream of the mpa gene in both MAP and MAS are a group of three
genes with good homology to the daunorubicin resistance cluster. This cluster
has a high GC% content which suggests a 'border' for the GS element. A short
motif present at the beginning of this cluster matches with an inverted repeat
of this motif at the beginning of the first gene in the GS element. This encapsulates
the whole of this group of low GC% genes in MAP and further suggests its cassette-like
nature. Homologues of the GS element in MTB show a marked similarity of organisation,
suggesting a parallel role for these genes in both pathogens.
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis serotype 2,
Mycobacterium avium ssp silvaticum, nucleotide sequences, genes, transposable
elements, serotypes, cell wall components, fucose, host range, virulence, molecular
sequence data.
Cann, Paul Adrian; Bramble, Michael Graham. An
open pilot study of antimicrobial agents in the management of resistant Crohn's
Disease. Gastroenterology. April, 2000; 118 (4 Suppl. 2 Part 2):
AGA A1335. ISSN: 0016-5085 Note: 101st Annual Meeting of the American Gastroenterological
Association and the Digestive Disease Week., San Diego, California, USA, May
21-24, 2000
NAL Call No.: RC799.G37
Descriptors: Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, humans, antibiotic drug
treatment, clarithromycin, clofazamine, rifabutin, Crohn’s disease.
Cavaignac, Sonia M.; White, Stefan J.; de Lisle, Geoffrey W.; Collins, Desmond
M. Construction and screening of Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis insertional mutant libraries. Archives of Microbiology.
March, 2000; 173 (3): 229-231. ISSN: 0302-8933
NAL Call No.: 442.8 AR26
Descriptors: Johne's disease, virulence mechanisms, libraries of random
mutants produced in two M. paratuberculosis strains, conditionally replicating
shuttle phasmid phAE94 with transposon Tn5367, 2000 mutants screened, auxotrophy,
carbon source preference, altered cell wall, interrupted genes.
Cerf, O.; Griffiths, M. W.; Grant, I. Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis heat resistance and reply. Letters in Applied Microbiology.
April, 2000; 30 (4): 341-344. ISSN: 0266-8254
NAL Call No.: QR1.L47
Descriptors: letter regarding previously published information, heat
resistance of pathogen, bacterial characteristics.
Coetsier, Christophe; Vannuffel, Pascal; Blondeel, Nathalie; Denef, Jean Francois;
Cocito, Carlo; Gala, Jean Luc. Duplex PCR for
differential identification of Mycobacterium bovis, M. avium, and M. avium subsp.
paratuberculosis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from cattle.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology. August, 2000; 38 (8): 3048-3054. ISSN:
0095-1137
NAL Call No.: QR46.J6
Descriptors: DNA based assay, cattle tissues, assessment of molecular
assay, conventional bacteriological and histological test, Ziehl-Neelsen staining,
p34 and f57 sequence amplification for differential diagnosis of tuberculosis,
duplex paratuberculosis, or infections caused by other members of the M. avium
complex.
Corpa, J. M.; Garrido, J.; Marin, J. F. Garcia.; Perez, V. Classification
of lesions observed in natural cases of paratuberculosis in goats. Journal
of Comparative Pathology. May, 2000; 122 (4): 255-265. ISSN: 0021-9975
NAL Call No.: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: 68 goats, clinical or sub-clinical paratuberculosis, post
mortem pathological examination, intestinal lymphoid tissue, granulomata in
the ileocaecal Peyer's patches or related lamina propria, diffuse multibacillary
lesions, granulomatous enteritis of different intestinal sites, macroscopical
changes in the normal gut morphology, changes in lymphocyes and macrophages.
Corpa, J.M.; Perez, V.; Garcia-Marin, J.F. Differences in the immune responses
in lambs and kids vaccinated against paratuberculosis, according to the age
of vaccination. Vet Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier
Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4) p. 475-485. ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In
the special issue: Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease) / edited by R.
Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne,
Australia.
NAL Call No.:SF601.V44
Abstract: In order to evaluate and compare the peripheral immune responses
induced by the vaccination against paratuberculosis in relation with the age
of immunization, two groups of lambs and goat kids were vaccinated at 15 days
and 5 months old, respectively. A heat-killed commercial vaccine was inoculated
subcutaneously and humoral and cellular immune responses were measured by an
ELISA and IFN-gamma assay, respectively, at 0, 30, 90, 180, 270 and 360 dpv
in the lambs and 0, 30, 90 and 180 dpv in the caprine. IFN-gamma values did
not show statistically significant differences between both groups, but when
compared to the unvaccinated controls, this cytokine response tend to disappear
earlier in animals vaccinated at 15 days old. The antibody response was always
higher and more persistent in animals vaccinated at 5 months. The possibility
of the incomplete degree of maturation of the immune system in 15 days old animals
as the cause of the differences in the immune response to vaccination is suggested.
Descriptors: lambs, goat kids, paratuberculosis, vaccination, age differences,
species differences, evaluation, vaccines, interferon, ELISA, cytokines, antibodies.
Cousins, D. V.; Williams, S. N.; Hope, A.; Eamens, G. J. DNA
fingerprinting of Australian isolates of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis
using IS900 RFLP. Australian Veterinary Journal. March, 2000;
78 (3): 184-190. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: cattle; sheep; alpacas; a rhinoceros; evaluate additional
restriction enzymes; IS900 RFLP; examine the genetic diversity; 71 Australian
isolates; epidemiology; Johne's disease; restrictions enzymes: Bst EII, Pvu
II and Pst I, Bam Hl, Alu I, Xho I and Dra I; detection of polymorphisms; cattle
and sheep strains distribution; Australia.
Cousins, D. V.; Whittington, R.; Marsh, I.; Masters, A.; Evans, R. J.; Kluver,
P. Mycobacteria distinct from Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated from the faeces of ruminants possess
IS900-like sequences detectable by IS900 polymerase chain reaction: Implications
for diagnosis. Molecular and Cellular Probes. Dec., 2000; 13 (6):
431-442. ISSN: 0890-8508
NAL Call No.: RB43.7.M63
Descriptors: feces, diagnosis of Johne’s disease, IS900 PCR, 16
S rRNA, recommend the adoption of restriction endonuclease analysis of IS900
PCR product false positives.
Daniels, M. J.; Hutchings, M. R.; Henderson, D. Quantifying
rabbit faecal contamination on livestock grazing pasture and the input of M.
a. paratuberculosis. Research in Veterinary Science. June, 2000;
68 (Supplement A): 2. ISSN: 0034-5288 Note: 54th Annual Conference of the Association
of Veterinary Teachers and Research Workers on Current Topics in Veterinary
Science, Scarborough, England, April 17-19, 2000
NAL Call No.: 41.8 R312
Descriptors: fecal contamination, pastures, rabbit pellets, Oryctolagus
cuniculus, possible disease, vector, Scotland.
Dimech, W. Automation of an absorbed enzyme immunoassay for the detection
of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis antibodies for an eradication program.
Vet Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V. Dec
20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4) p. 351-355. ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In the special issue:
Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease) / edited by R. Chiodini. Paper presented
at a colloquium held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Abstract: As part of an ongoing Johne's disease eradication program by
the state of Victoria, Australia, the Victorian Veterinary Pathology Services
(VVPS) has been involved in testing over 150000 cattle samples per year for
the presence of Johne's-specific antibodies. The Parachek kit (CSL, Victoria,
Australia) has been used throughout the project. This method was automated using
a Rosys 3300 and a Plato 7 (Dade/Behring Diagnostics) to pipette samples and
the Behring ELISA Processor 3 (Dade/Behring Diagnostics) to wash EIA plates,
add reagents, reads absorbances and perform data reduction of the results. Automation
saved about 15 h of labour per day, allowing one staff member to analyse up
to 2000 samples per 8 h shift compared to 800 samples using a manual protocol.
Problems that were encountered include pipetting issues, the reading of the
Paracheck endpoint, and excessive packaging of the kit. Maintenance, calibration
and control of the analysers were an integral part of the process. VVPS, working
in conjunction with CSL, suggested modification to the Parachek kit to make
automation of the product more convenient. The approach resulted in a change
in reagent volume and a reduction in packaging that reduced the cost of the
test by 25%.
Descriptors: cattle, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, enzyme immunoassay,
antibody testing, disease control, automation, labor, evaluation, calibration,
maintenance, Victoria, Australia.
Dinsmore, R. Page. Updates on Johne's Disease.
Large Animal Practice. March-April, 2000; 21 (2): 20-25; 24. ISSN: 1092-7603
NAL Call No.: SF601 B6
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, pathogenisisty, cattle
disease, Crohn’s disease, status of diagnosis and control.
Eamens, G.J.; Whittington, R.J.; Marsh, I.B.; Turner, M.J.; Saunders, V.; Kemsley,
P.D.; Rayward, D. Comparative sensitivity of various faecal culture methods
and ELISA in dairy cattle herds with endemic Johne's disease. Vet Microbiol.
Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4)
p. 357-367. ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In the special issue: Paratuberculosis
(Johne's Disease) / edited by R. Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium
held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Abstract:: In three New South Wales dairy cattle herds with endemic Johne's
disease, prevalence rates by faecal culture were determined to be 12, 18 and
22%, respectively. Whole herd faecal culture was shown to detect markedly more
infected cattle than whole herd testing by the EMAI absorbed ELISA, particularly
in the two herds with greatest prevalence. In the three study herds, five methods
for whole herd faecal culture were compared in each. These included two methods
based on primary culture on Herrold's egg yolk medium with mycobactin J (HEYM):
(1) conventional decontamination with sedimentation and primary culture on HEYM;
(2) Whitlock decontamination and culture on HEYM. The remaining three methods
were based on radiometric (BACTEC) culture: (3) decontamination and filtration
to BACTEC medium; (4) modified Whitlock decontamination to BACTEC medium and
(5) Whitlock decontamination to BACTEC medium. For BACTEC cultures, two methods
were compared as confirmatory tests for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis: mycobactin
dependence on conventional subculture to HEYM and IS900 PCR analysis of radiometric
media. Among 179 cattle tested simultaneously by all five culture methods, 38
cattle were confirmed to be shedding M. paratuberculosis. In identifying shedder
cattle, method 5 was the most sensitive, followed by methods 2, 4, 1, and 3
was the least sensitive. The number of BACTEC cultures confirmed by mycobactin
dependence or PCR was similar.
Descriptors: dairy cattle herds, endemic Johne's disease, paratuberculosis,
fecal cell cultures, ELISA, diagnostic techniques, evaluation, disease prevalence,
infections organism shedding, detection methods, New South Wales, Mycobacterium
avium paratuberculosis, Australia
Ellingson, J. L. E.; Stabel, J. R.; Bishai, W. R.; Frothingham, R.; Miller,
J. M. Evaluation of the accuracy and reproducibility
of a practical PCR panel assay for rapid detection and differentiation of Mycobacterium
avium subspecies. Molecular and Cellular Probes. June, 2000; 14
(3): 153-161. ISSN: 0890-8508
NAL Call No.: RB43.7.M63
Descriptors: possible diagnostic tool, specific oligonucleotides primers,
16 S rRNA (MAs) sequence, insertion elements IS901 (MAs avium), IS 1245 Mycobacterium
avium complex (MAC), IS900 (MAs paratuberculosis), and the hspX (MAs paratuberculosis)
gene sequences were synthesized and used in preassembled PCR reaction mixtures,
easy to use method.
Eppleston, J.; Simpson, G.; O'Neill, S.; Thornberry, K.; Lugton, I.; Taylor,
P.; Hall, D.G. Reported levels of sheep mortalities in flocks infected with
ovine Johne's disease in New South Wales. Asian Australas J Anim Sci.
Seoul, Korea : AAAP and Korean Society of Animal Nutrition. July 2000. v. 13
(suppl.) p. 247. ISSN: 1011-2367. Note: In the supplement: Animal production
for a consuming world, vol. C / edited by G.M. Stone. Proceedings of the
9th Congress of the Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies
and 23rd Biennial Conference of the Australian Society of Animal Production
held July 3-7, 2000, Sydney, Australia.
NAL Call No.:SF55.A78A7
Descriptors: sheep disease, Johne's disease, mortality statistics, Australia.
Feola, R. P.; Czuprynski, C. J. Binding of
bovine growth hormone to Mycobacterium avium ss paratuberculosis. Comparative
Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. July, 2000; 23 (3): 153-162.
ISSN: 0147-9571 Note: In English with English and French summaries.
NAL Call No.: QR180.C62
Descriptors: cultured bacterial cultures, addition of bGH (5 mug/ml)
had inhibitory effect on growth of M. avium ss paratuberculosis in Middlebrook
7H9 broth, first report of a mammalian hormone binding to MAP.
Ferroglio, E.; Nebbia, P.; Robino, P.; Rossi, L.; Rosati, S. Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis infection in two free-ranging Alpine ibex. Revue
Scientifique et Technique Office International des Epizooties. December,
2000; 19 (3): 859-862. ISSN: 0253-1933 Note: In English with English; French;
and Spanish summaries.
NAL Call No.: SF781.R4
Descriptors: Alpine ibex (Capra ibex), free ranging, disease incidence,
PCR for insertion sequence IS900, post mortem examination, tested positive to
Zielh-Nielsen stain.
Fridriksdottir, V.; Gunnarsson, E.; Sigurdarson, S.; Gudmundsdottir, K.B. Paratuberculosis
in Iceland: epidemiology and control measures, past and present. Vet
Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000.
v. 77 (3/4) p. 263-267. ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In the special issue: Paratuberculosis
(Johne's Disease) / edited by R. Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium
held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.:SF601.V44
Abstract: Paratuberculosis as well as the slow virus infections maedi/visna
and jaagsiekte came to Iceland in 1933 when 20 sheep of the Karakul breed were
imported from Halle, Germany. At least five of these sheep were subclinical
carriers of paratuberculosis. Within 16 years paratuberculosis together with
the other Karakul diseases (maedi/visna and jaagsiekte) almost ruined sheep
farming, the main agricultural industry in Iceland. The first clinical case
of paratuberculosis in sheep was confirmed in 1938, and in cattle in 1944. The
first cattle cases of paratuberculosis appeared on farms where the disease had
been prevalent in sheep for years. The virulence in cattle appeared to be considerably
lower than in sheep. Extensive measures were used to control the spread of paratuberculosis
in sheep. Hundreds of kilometres of fences were put up and used together with
natural geographic borders to restrict the movement of sheep from infected areas.
Serological and other immunological tests were also used to detect and dispose
of infected individuals. These measures proved inadequate and the disease could
not be eradicated. Culling and restocking of uninfected sheep in endemic areas
eradicated maedi/visna and jaagsiekte but not paratuberculosis. Experiments
showed that vaccination against paratuberculosis could reduce mortality in sheep
by 94%. Vaccination of sheep in endemic areas has been compulsory in Iceland
since 1966 and as a result losses have been reduced considerably. Today, serology
is used to detect and control infection in cattle herds. Furthermore, serology
is used to control vaccination of sheep and screen for infection in non-endemic
areas. The complement fixation (CF) test for paratuberculosis has been used
until now, but recently we have started comparing the CF test with the CSL absorbed
ELISA test.
Descriptors: sheep, cattle, Mycobacteriumparatuberculosis, disease control,
epidemiology, history of introduction, diagnosis, virulence, disease transmission,
fences, culling, vaccination, mortality, screening, economic impact, complement
fixation tests, Iceland.
Garrido, J.M.; Cortabarria, N.; Oguiza, J.A.; Aduriz, G.; Juste, R.A. Use
of a PCR method on fecal samples for diagnosis of sheep paratuberculosis. Vet
Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000.
v. 77 (3/4) p. 379-386. ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In the special issue: Paratuberculosis
(Johne's Disease) / edited by R. Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium
held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Abstract:: The high sensitivity of PCR compared to the difficulties of
fecal culture in sheep prompted the development of PCR protocols for detection
of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA in sheep feces. Although
the PCR itself is well developed, and does not pose large technical problems,
concentrating the bacteria from samples that may contain low numbers of bacilli
using practical methods is still the main difficulty for the use of this technique.
In this study, we describe an extraction protocol for the concentration and
purification of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis DNA from fecal samples and
we compare it with other methods. The diagnostic performance of the freeze-boiling
method was evaluated using a reference method [Vet. Rec. 134 (1994) 95] on fecal
samples from a group of selected sheep from different flocks of known individual
serological, pathological, and cultural paratuberculosis status. Using, as a
reference, a combination of results in those conventional methods, the freeze-boiling
PCR protocol showed a sensitivity of 94.1%, and a specificity of 92.3%.
Descriptors: sheep, Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis, polymerase
chain reaction, fecal culture, DNA, concentration and purification diagnostic
technique, comparison study, reference data from known animals, sample processing.
Gasteiner, J.; Awad-Masalmeh, M.; Baumgartner, W. Mycobacterium avium subsp.
paratuberculosis infection in cattle in Austria, diagnosis with culture, PCR
and ELISA. Vet Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier Science
B.V. Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4) p. 339-349. ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In the special
issue: Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease) / edited by R. Chiodini. Paper
presented at a colloquium held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Abstract: Serum samples from healthy, infected (n = 11) and diseased
(n = 2) cattle as well as positive (n = 17) and negative (n = 41) reference
sera were tested for antibodies to Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis
with two ELISA-methods (A-ELISA, Allied Monitors, Fayette, USA; H-ELISA, Institute
of Microbiology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary University Hannover). Fecal
samples of these animals were examined by PCR and culture. Also field serum
samples found to be positive (n = 664) or inconclusive (n = 1589) by A-ELISA
during a survey done on 11028 cattle of 2757 farms at different districts in
Austria were retested with H-ELISA (Gasteiner et al., 1999). In both ELISA-methods
total agreement between antibody detection and shedding of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis
(PCR, culture) in cases of diseased animals during the testing period was found.
In subclinically infected animals H-ELISA showed a better correlation with the
results of PCR and fecal culture. Reference serum samples of culturally negative
cattle were negative in 98% by H-ELISA and in 82% by A-ELISA, and those of positive
animals were positive in 59% by H-ELISA and in 82% by A-ELISA. The 664 A-ELISA
positive field serum samples were positive in 20.5%, inconclusive in 32.5% and
negative in 47% by H-ELISA. A-ELISA inconclusive sera gave positive reactions
by H-ELISA in 5.2%, negative in 74.8% and inconclusive results in 20%. The highest
prevalence of antibodies (7.9% by A- and 2.2% by H-ELISA) against M. avium subsp.
paratuberculosis were found in cattle at the age of six and seven years. Seropositive
animals were found at all tested ages. The A-ELISA gave two to three times more
positive reactors than the H-ELISA. Also both, tests showed the highest prevalence
of reagents among Holstein Friesian (6.2% by A-ELISA, 2.5% by H-ELISA) followed
by other cattle breeds. Seropositive cattle were observed in all districts of
Austria in 3.3-7.1% and in 0.5-1.8% of herds according to A- and H-ELISA, respectively.
Descriptors: cattle, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, diagnostic
techniques, ELISA, cell cultures, polymerase chain reaction, disease diagnosis
evaluation, blood-serum, antibodies, infectious organism shedding, asymptomatic
infections, cattle breed differences, disease prevalence, Austria.
Giese, S.B.; Ahrens, P. Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
in milk from clinically affected cows by PCR and culture. Vet Microbiol.
Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4)
p. 291-297. ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In the special issue: Paratuberculosis
(Johne's Disease) / edited by R. Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium
held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.:SF601.V44
Abstract: Milk and faeces samples from cows with clinical symptoms of
paratuberculosis were examined for the presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp.
paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) by culture and PCR. M. paratuberculosis
was cultivated in variable numbers from faeces or intestinal mucosa in eight
of 11 animals. In milk from five cows (all faeces culture positive), we cultivated
a few colonies of M. paratuberculosis (<100 CFU per ml). Milk samples from
two cows were PCR positive (both animals were faeces culture positive, and one
cow was milk culture positive). One cow was culture negative on intestinal mucosa,
but culture positive in milk, and two cows were negative in culture and PCR
from both faeces and milk. In conclusion, the presence of M. paratuberculosis
could be detected in raw milk by PCR, but cultivation of milk was more sensitive.
Descriptors: cows,polymerase chain reaction, detection,milk,cell culture,
feces, diagnostic techniques, symptoms, clinical aspects, intestinal mucosa,
evaluation, Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis
Godfroid, J.; Boelaert, F.; Heier, A.; Clavareau, C.; Wellemans, V.; Desmecht,
M.; Roels, S.; Walravens, K. First evidence of Johne's disease in farmed
red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Belgium. Vet Microbiol. Amsterdam, The
Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4) p. 283-290. ISSN:
0378-1135. Note: In the special issue: Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease)
/ edited by R. Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium held February 14-18,
1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.:SF601.V44
Abstract:: In a deer farm, chronic diarrhoea was seen in a 4-year-old
hind. This animal died in poor condition on the farm and Johne's disease was
suspected. Ziehl-Neelsen staining of the faeces of this hind were positive for
the presence of clumps of small acid-fast bacilli, but faecal cultures remained
negative. Direct and indirect tests were performed on 24 hinds and stags (yearlings,
2- and 4-year-old animals). The indirect tests performed were serology (Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis antibody ELISA, HerdChek, Idexx), comparative cervical skin
test (CCT) and lymphoproliferation test (LT) using Mycobacterium bovis purified
protein derivative (PPD) and Mycobacterium avium PPD as antigens. Three positive
serological results, three positive CCT and eight positive LT were observed
in hinds and stags older than 2 years. No positive serological results were
observed in the yearling group, whereas some sensitisation was observed in the
CCT as well as in the LT for the same group of animals. The degree of concordance
between these indirect tests was poor. The three seropositive animals were slaughtered
and subjected to post-mortem examination. Histopathology was performed on mesenteric
lymph nodes and on the terminal ileum. Visual changes in some mesenteric lymph
nodes were observed, no gross lesion was seen in the intestine. Although Ziehl-Neelsen
staining yielded no positive results, a catarrhal focal necrotic enteritis associated
with a granulomatous lymphadenitis compatible with Johne's disease was evidenced.
The mycobacterial cultures on organ samples from slaughtered animals were positive
after 2 months for M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis and negative for M.
bovis and M. avium. This is the first description of Johne's disease in a deer
farm in Belgium.
Descriptors: Cervus elaphus, farmed red deer, paratuberculosis, incidence,
diarrhea,mortality, diagnosis,feces, diagnostic techniques, Mycobacterium bovis,
Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, antigens, symptoms,
histopathology, lymph nodes, intestines, necrosis, Belgium.
Goswami, T. K.; Joardar, S. N.; Ram, G. C. Antigenic
analysis of M. paratuberculosis strain TEPS by SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional
immunoelectrophoresis. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. August,
2000; 70 (8): 789-791. ISSN: 0367-8318
NAL Call No.: 41.8 IN22
Descriptors: 40 polypeptide fractions, SDS-PAGE, Coommassie brillian
blue staining, Schiff staining.
Goswami, Tapas Kumar; Joardar, Siddhartha Narayan; Ram, Gulab Chandra; Banerjee,
Rabin; Singh, Dhirendra Kumar. Association of
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Crohn's disease and Johne's disease: A possible
zoonotic threat. Current Science Bangalore. 25 October, 2000;
79 (8): 1076-1081. ISSN: 0011-3891
NAL Call No.: 475 SCI23
Descriptors: review, possible association between Johne’s and Crohn’s,
isolation studies, experimental disease production, histopathological and immunological
evidences, DNA sequence analysis, possible food borne disease.
Goswami, T. K.; Swamy, N.; Suchitra, S.; Joardar, S. N.; Ram, G. C. Electrophoretic
behaviour of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis soluble protein antigens in rocket
immuno-electrophoresis. Indian Veterinary Medical Journal. December,
2000; 24 (4): 285-287. ISSN: 0250-5266
Descriptors: immuno-electrophoretic behaviour, native antigens, M. paratuberculosis
(strain TEPS), hyperimmune goat sera, rocket immuno-electrophoretic technique,
8 native precipitin peaks, qualitative and quantitative test, detection of antigenic
proteins.
Goswami, T. K.; Joardar, S. N.; Ram, G. C. In-vitro
and in-vivo detection of cross-reacting antigens of M. paratuberculosis and
M. bovis. Journal of Applied Animal Research. June, 2000; 17 (2):
285-290. ISSN: 0971-2119 Note: In English with English and Sanskrit summaries.
NAL Call No.: SF55. I4J68
Descriptors: delayed type of hypersensitivity, ELISA, crossed immunoelectrophoretic
(CIE) technique.
Grant, I.R.; Pope, C.M.; O'Riordan, L.M.; Ball, H.J.; Rowe, M.T. Improved
detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk by immunomagnetic
PCR. Vet Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier Science
B.V. Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4) p. 369-378. ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In the special
issue: Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease) / edited by R. Chiodini. Paper
presented at a colloquium held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Abstract:: The potential use of a novel immunomagnetic PCR (IMS-PCR)
technique as a rapid method to screen milk samples for the presence of Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. ptb) was assessed. Immunomagnetic separation
(IMS) for M. ptb, developed at Queen's University, Belfast, was applied to milk
samples prior to IS900 PCR in order to selectively concentrate any M. ptb cells
present and, at the same time, separate the cells from constituents of milk
likely to inhibit subsequent PCR. This increased the sensitivity of IS900 PCR.
IMS-PCR sensitivity could be further increased by initial centrifugation (2500
g for 20 min) of larger volumes of milk (10 and 50 ml), and resuspension of
the sediment into a 1 ml volume appropriate for IMS treatment. Following IMS,
template DNA for IS900 PCR was obtained by heating the bead-cell suspension
in a thermal cycler at 100 degrees C for 15 min. It was estimated that the IMS-PCR
assay could detect approximately 10(3) CFU of M. ptb per 50 ml of milk (equivalent
to 20 CFU/ml), whereas the minimum detection limit of direct IS900 PCR was estimated
at 10(5) CFU of M. ptb per 50 ml (equivalent to 2000 CFU/ml). A blind trial
was carried out in which a total of 40 spiked (10(6) CFU M. ptb) and unspiked,
raw and laboratory-pasteurised milk samples were independently tested by IMS-PCR
and conventional IS900 PCR. IMS-PCR correctly identified 97.5% of milk samples
(sensitivity 100%, specificity 95%), including spiked milk samples before and
after laboratory-pasteurisation. One false positive result was obtained which
may have resulted from carryover between samples during the IMS procedure. Conventional
IS900 PCR correctly identified only 72.5% of the same 40 milk samples (sensitivity
23%, specificity 100%). IMS-PCR was also shown to be capable of detecting natural
M. ptb infection in raw sheep's milk, and raw and commercially pasteurised cows'
milk.
Descriptors: cattle, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, detection
in milk, immunomagnetic polymerase chain reaction assay, diagnostic techniques,
evaluation, screening method, inhibition, raw sheep milk, pasteurized cow's
milk.
Greig, A. Johne's disease in sheep and goats. In Pract. [London
: British Veterinary Association, 1979. Mar 2000. v. 22 (3) p. 146-151. ISSN:
0263841X
NAL Call No.: SF601. I4
Descriptors: sheep, goats, paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium ssp
paratuberculosis, epidemiology, pathogenesis, chronic course, histopathology,
differential diagnosis, species differences, disease control.
Gwozdz, J. M.; Thompson, K. G.; Murray, A.; Reichel, M. P.; Manktelow, B. W.;
West, D. M. Comparison of three serological
tests and an interferon-gamma assay for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis in
experimentally infected sheep. Australian Veterinary Journal.
November, 2000; 78 (11): 779-783. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: 14 sheep, experimental infection, comparison study, complement
fixation test, an agar gel immunodiffusion test, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay, whole-blood interferon-gamma assay for paratuberculosis.
Gwozdz, J. M.; Thompson, K. G.; Murray, A.; West, D. M.; Manktelow, B. W. Use
of the polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Mycobacterium avium
subspecies paratuberculosis in blood and liver biopsies from experimentally
infected sheep. Australian Veterinary Journal. September, 2000;
78 (9): 622-624. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: sheep diagnostic evaluation, PCR assay, 14 animals, experimental
infection, sampled over 53 weeks, not a useful and reliable method.
Gwozdz, J. M.; Thompson, K. G.; Manktelow, B. W.; Murray, A.; West, D. M. Vaccination
against paratuberculosis of lambs already infected experimentally with Mycobacterium
avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Australian Veterinary Journal.
August, 2000; 78 (8): 560-566. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: sheep, protective value, live-attenuated vaccine effects,
sheep, exposed, Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis, investigation, progression,
systemic immune response, experimental infection, 28-1 month old lambs, vaccine
effectiveness, IFN-gamma in blood, antibody concentration of sera, sequential
monitoring, IS900-baced PCR, ileum, ileocaecal lymph nodes, histological examination.
Hope, A. F.; Kluver, P. F.; Jones, S. L.; Condron, R. J. Sensitivity
and specificity of two serological tests for the detection of ovine paratuberculosis.
Australian Veterinary Journal. December, 2000; 78 (12): 850-856. ISSN:
0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: 1257 sheep, serum samples, testing sensitivity and specificity,
absorbed ELISA and an AGID test, detection of clinical and subclinical paratuberculosis,
Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis, disease detection tests considered
useful, test differences.
Hulten, K.; El Zimaity, H. M.; Collins, M. T.; Graham, D. Y.; El Zaatari, F.
A. K. Cell wall deficient forms of M. avium
subsp. paratuberculosis found in tissues from animals with Johne's disease by
in situ hybridization. Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American
Society for Microbiology. 2000; 100: 656. ISSN: 1060-2011 Note: 100th General
Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Los Angeles, California, USA,
May 21-25, 2000.
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: cattle, digoxigenin stain, Johne’s disease, bacterial
forms isolation.
Hulten, K.; Karttunen, T. J.; El Zimaity, H. M. T.; Naser, S. A.; Collins,
M. T.; Graham, D. Y.; El Zaatari, F. A. K. Identification
of cell wall deficient forms of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in paraffin
embedded tissues from animals with Johne's disease by in situ hybridization.
Journal of Microbiological Methods. October, 2000; 42 (2): 185-195. ISSN:
0167-7012
NAL Call No.: QR65.J68
Descriptors: subclinical stage, Johne’s disease, possible zoonotic
disease, sarcoidosis, Crohn’s, spiked beef cubes, formalin fixed and paraffin
embedded, IS900 M. paratuberculosis-specific probe labeled with digoxigenin,
distinguish between the acid-fast and CWD forms of M. paratuberculosis, localized
in tissue sections.
Hulten, K.; Karttunen, T.J.; El Zimaity, H.M.T.; Naser, S.A.; Almashhrawi,
A.; Graham, D.Y.; El Zaatari, F.A.K. In situ hybridization method for studies
of cell wall deficient M. paratuberculosis in tissue samples. Vet
Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000.
v. 77 (3/4) p. 513-518. ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In the special issue: Paratuberculosis
(Johne's Disease) / edited by R. Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium held
February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Abstract:: Cell wall deficient forms of mycobacteria may be important
in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease and sarcoidosis. However, no method has
been available to localize this type of organisms in tissue sections. We developed
an in situ hybridization method for the demonstration of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
spheroplasts (cell wall deficient forms) in paraffin embedded tissue sections.
M. paratuberculosis spheroplasts were prepared by treatment with glycine and
lysozyme. Pieces of beef were injected with the prepared spheroplasts. The samples
were fixed in buffered formalin and paraffin embedded. A M. paratuberculosis-specific
probe derived from the IS900 gene was used. Specificity was controlled by using
an irrelevant probe and by hybridizing sections with spheroplasts from other
bacteria. Beef samples injected with M. paratuberculosis spheroplasts were the
only samples that hybridized with the probe. Beef samples containing acid-fast
or spheroplast forms of M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis as well as the acid-fast
forms of M. paratuberculosis did not hybridize with the probe. Unrelated bacterial
controls, i.e. Helicobacter pylori and Escherichia coli were also negative in
the assay. In situ hybridization with the IS900 probe provides a specific way
to localize M. paratuberculosis spheroplasts in tissue sections and may be useful
for studies of the connection between M. paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease
and sarcoidosis. The assay may also be valuable for studies on Johne's diseased
animals.
Descriptors: Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, cell walls deficient forms,
spheroplasts, pathogenesis,DNA hybridization, tissues, genes, identification,
beef, Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, diagnostic techniques, Crohn's
disease, paratuberculosis, sarcoidosis, assay, Johne's disease.
Ikonomopoulos, John A.; Gorgoulis, Vassilis G.; Kastrinakis, Nikos G.; Zacharatos,
Panayotis V.; Kokotas, Stavros N.; Evangelou, Kostas; Kotsinas, Athanassios
G.; Tsakris, Athanassios G.; Manolis, Evangelos N.; Kittas, Christos N. Sensitive
differential detection of genetically related mycobacterial pathogens in archival
material. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. December, 2000;
114 (6): 940-950. ISSN: 0002-9173
NAL Call No.: 448.8 Am34
Descriptors: humans, PCR assay; immunogenic protein MPB64 gene; outward-primed
PCR (OPPCR); IS6110 element; amplification of IS1110 and 16S ribosomal RNA sequences;
dot blotting assay; formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from patients with
tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, or Crohn’s disease; Mycobacterium avium; Mycobacterium
intracellulare; Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
Jakobsen, M. B.; Alban, L.; Nielsen, S. S. A
cross-sectional study of paratuberculosis in 1155 Danish dairy cows.
Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 3 July, 2000; 46 (1): 15-27. ISSN: 0167-5877
NAL Call No.: SF601.P7
Descriptors: milk samples, 1155 cows, 22 dairy farms, risk factors, enzyme-linked
immuno-sorbent assay, multiple logistic regression analysis, Jersey vs. large
breeds, high parity vs. low parity, the first month after calving vs. other
months of lactation, large herd size vs. small herd size, Denmark.
Johnson, Ifearulundu Y. J.; Kaneene, J. B.; Sprecher, D. J.; Gardiner, J. C.;
Lloyd, J. W. The effect of subclinical Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis infection on days open in Michigan, USA, dairy cows.
Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 10 August, 2000; 46 (3): 171-181. ISSN:
0167-5877
NAL Call No.: SF601.P7
Descriptors: prospective cohort study design, dairy cattle, usefulness
of ELISA and fecal culture as diagnostic tools, reproduction records, 18 month
monitoring period, increase in days open, suggested impact of negative energy
balance in subclinical infected cows, Michigan.
Jubb, T.; Galvin, J. Herd testing to control bovine Johne's disease. Vet
Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000.
v. 77 (3/4) p. 423-428. ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In the special issue: Paratuberculosis
(Johne's Disease) / edited by R. Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium
held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.:SF601.V44
Abstract:: In 1996, the cattle industries and government in the Australian
state of Victoria established a Johne's disease (JD) test and control program
under which participating farmers are provided with an annual ELISA test of
their adult herd and advice on disease control that is tailored to their farm.
The program is delivered through private veterinarians under contract with the
government. There are over 600 herds enrolled in the program and about one third
of these have had three or more whole herd tests. This paper provides a review
of the program to date. It describes changes in ELISA reactor rates and numbers
of clinical cases, and provides evidence for progress in the program.
Descriptors: cattle herds, Mycobacterium, paratuberculosis disease control,
Australian government policy, diagnostic text, ELISA, veterinarians role, disease
incidence, surveillance, program review, Victoria, Australia.
Kennedy, D.J.; Allworth, M.B. Progress in national control and assurance
programs for bovine Johne's disease in Australia. Vet Microbiol.
Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4)
p. 443-451. ISSN: 03789-1135. Note: In the special issue: Paratuberculosis
(Johne's Disease) / edited by R. Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium
held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Abstract:: Cattle strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis are known
to infect cattle, goats and alpaca in southeastern Australia, where there are
also significant numbers of farmed deer. Although sheep strains have recently
been identified in some cattle in Australia, epidemiological evidence to date
supports the distinction (between bovine Johne's disease (JD), caused by cattle
strains in cattle, goats and alpaca, and ovine JD, caused by sheep strains in
sheep and goats) for the purposes of control and assurance programs. The National
Johne's Disease Control Program is coordinated by the Australian Animal Health
Council, working with the livestock industries and with the Commonwealth, state
and territory governments. The council also brokers industry and government
funding for the program. The National Johne's Disease Market Assurance Program
for Cattle was launched in 1996 as the first of a suite of voluntary national
market assurance programs (MAPs) to assess and certify herds as negative for
JD. By December 1998, over 550 herds had achieved an assessed negative status.
A MAP was also launched for alpaca in 1998 and a program for goats should be
finalised in early 1999. National standards for state control of JD through
zoning, movement controls and procedures in infected and suspect herds have
also been developed. The paper covers factors affecting development and implementation,
uptake of and improvements to national control and assurance programs for bovine
JD in Australia.
Descriptors: Johne's disease, cattle, paratuberculosis, disease control,
government policy, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, goats, alpacas, deer, sheep,
epidemiology, certification, disease incidence, Australia.
Koets, A. P.; Adugna, G.; Janss, L. L. G.; van Weering, H. J.; Kalis, C. H.
J.; Wentink, G. H.; Rutten, V. P. M. G.; Schukken, Y. H. Genetic
variation of susceptibility to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection
in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. November, 2000; 83
(11): 2702-2708. ISSN: 0022-0302
NAL Call No.: 44.8 J822
Descriptors: Dutch dairy cattle, 3020 cows, infection status at slaughter,
standard polygenic statistical probit model was used to estimate heritabilities,
vaccination trial data, variable susceptibilities, genetic selection as a control
measure.
Koets, A.P.; Rutten, V.P.M.G.; Bakker, D.; van der. Hage, M.H.; van Eden, W.
Lewis rats are not susceptible to oral infection with Mycobacterium avium
subsp. paratuberculosis. Vet Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands
: Elsevier Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4) p. 487-495. ISSN: 0378-1135.
Note: In the special issue: Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease) / edited
by R. Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne,
Australia.
NAL Call No.:SF601.V44
Abstract:: Pathogenesis studies of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
infection in ruminants are hampered by the long incubation time of the disease.
A laboratory animal model with a shorter incubation time would facilitate research
in this field. Although small rodents are usually considered to be resistant
to M.a. paratuberculosis infection, several susceptible murine strains have
been found. To our knowledge, there are no detailed reports with regard to susceptibility
in rats. The Lewis rat is a valuable model for inflammatory bowel disease studies
as well as autoimmune diseases involving mycobacteria as inducing agents. In
this study Lewis rats were used to investigate their potential as a small laboratory
animal model for paratuberculosis. In total 28 female Lewis rats were orally
inoculated with M.a. paratuberculosis. The rats were first inoculated at 3 weeks
of age, and 12 more inoculations followed in increasing intervals during the
3 months to follow. Eight control rats received a sham inoculation. Over 9 months,
two rats from each group were sacrificed at regular intervals and immunological
and histopathological examinations were performed on the gastrointestinal tract,
the liver and the spleen. None of the rats developed lesions which were indicative
of mycobacterial infection as determined by histology with HE and Ziehl-Neelsen
staining. The bacteria could not be recultured from samples taken from the gut,
the liver or the spleen. The immunological tests however, showed that bacteria
had entered via the intestinal tract. From this study it appears that Lewis
rats are resistant to oral inoculation with M.a. paratuberculosis, and not suitable
as a model to study the immunopathogenesis ofparatuberculosis as it occurs in
ruminants.
Descriptors:rats, Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis, oral administration,
infection, susceptibility, pathogenesis, animal models, experimental infections,
histopathology, digestive tract, liver, spleen, postmortem examinations, lesions.
Kramsky, J.A.; Miller, D.S.; Hope, A.; Collins, M.T. Modification of a bovine
ELISA to detect camelid antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Vet
Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000.
v. 77 (3/4) p. 333-337. ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In the special issue: Paratuberculosis
(Johne's Disease) / edited by R. Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium
held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Abstract:: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection, or
Johne's disease, reportedly has a low prevalence in South American camelid populations.
Recently, however, single cases in the United States as well as an outbreak
of the disease in Australian alpacas (Lama pacos) have been described. To provide
a rapid and cost-effective method of diagnosing Johne's disease in this species,
the bovine Parachek Johne's Absorbed EIA (CSL, Vic., Australia) was modified
to create a camelid-specific serum antibody assay. An anti-llama IgG conjugated
to horseradish peroxidase replaced the anti-bovine immunoglobulin. Checkerboard
titration of principal reagents was performed using serum from nine tissue and/or
fecal culture-positive camelids. Optimal dilutions of key components were determined
in order to provide clear discrimination between positive and negative controls.
Completion of a kinetic assay determined the optical density at which the enzyme-substrate
reaction should be stopped. A herd of 100 camelids with no history of disease
or exposure to M. a. paratuberculosis, a subset of which were tissue and/or
fecal culture-negative, was tested to establish a cut-off value. Sample results
were expressed as a percentage of the results for control sera by transforming
optical density values to ELISA values (EV%). A preliminary EV% cut-off of 20
was established. Using this prototype assay, culture-positive animals showed
significantly different antibody responses from culture-negative animals. These
results indicate that this camelid-specific ELISA, once refined, may be a useful
tool for screening camelid herds for M. a. paratuberculosis infection.
Descriptors: alpacas, llamas, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, detection
methods, ELISA, diagnosis disease outbreaks, IgG, herds, assays.
Lawlor, H. A.; Mutharia, L. M. Characterization
of the thioredoxin system of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Abstracts
of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology. 2000; 100:
649. ISSN: 1060-2011 Note: 100th General Meeting of the American Society for
Microbiology, Los Angeles, California, USA, May 21-25, 2000
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: pET expression system, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis, thioredoxin system; Mycobacterium tuberculosis, genome, gentamycin,
recombinant his tagged proteins, thioredoxin system characterization, antibodies,
reductase, redox-cycling system, thioredoxin reductase gene.
Lund, B. M.; Donnelly, C. W.; Rampling, A. Heat
resistance of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Letters in Applied Microbiology.
August, 2000; 31 (2): 184-185. ISSN: 0266-8254
NAL Call No.: QR1.L47
Descriptors: bacterial characteristics, temperature tolerance, viability
testing, Crohn’s disease, Johne's disease.
Marsh, I.; Whittington, R.; Millar, D. Quality
control and optimized procedure of hybridization capture-PCR for the identification
of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in faeces. Molecular
and Cellular Probes. August, 2000; 14 (4): 219-232. ISSN: 0890-8508
NAL Call No.: RB43.7.M63
Descriptors: fecal samples, cattle, Johne’s disease, sheep, capture
and washing of magnetic beads, low cost method, diagnostic method, pooled samples.
Michel, A.L.; Bastianello, S.S. Paratuberculosis in sheep: an emerging disease
in South Africa. Vet Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier
Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4) p. 299-307. ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In
the special issue: Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease) / edited by R.
Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne,
Australia.
NAL Call No.:SF601.V44
Abstract:: During a serological survey for ovine paratuberculosis a total
of 145934 ovine serum samples from 2019 farms throughout South Africa were tested
by means of the AGID assay. Fifty-two infected farms were identified in the
Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces. Links between infected farms in the
two provinces were established. Examination of the distribution of infected
farms in the Western Cape indicated a positive correlation between acid soils
and occurrence of infection. In an attempt to increase the sensitivity and facilitate
screening of large numbers of sera two commercial ELISA systems were evaluated
for their potential use in a future monitoring program. Sera from histologically
positive sheep and known negative sheep flocks were used. The highest sensitivity
(50.9%) was found if both ELISA systems were run concurrently and the results
of both systems combined.
Descriptors: sheep, Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis, serological
surveys, bioassays, farms, geographical distribution, acid soils, screening
for disease, ELISA, monitoring, South Africa.
Momotani, E.; Miyama, M.; To, T. L.; Yoshihara, K.; Gotoh, H. Adhesion
molecules and chemokines in granulomas by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
in TNF alpha deficient mice. Immunology Letters. September, 2000;
73 (2-3): 194. ISSN: 0165-2478. Note: 24th European Immunology Meeting of the
European Federation of Immunological Societies (EFIS), Poznan, Poland, September
23-26, 2000.
NAL Call No.: QR180. I53
Descriptors: C57BL/6 mouse model, tumor necrosis factor alpha deficiency,
wild-type, Mycobacterium-avium-paratuberculosis, fibronectin, RANTES, epithelioid
granuloma cell border expression, intercellular-adhesion-moelcule-1, macrophage-chemoattractant-protein-1,
macrophage chemoattractant protein 3, granuloma-expression.
Muskens, J.; Barkema, H.W.; Russchen, E.; van Maanen, K.; Schukken, Y.H.; Bakker,
D. Prevalence and regional distribution of paratuberculosis in dairy herds
in the Netherlands. Vet Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands :
Elsevier Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4) p. 253-261. ISSN: 0378-1135.
Note: In the special issue: Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease) / edited
by R. Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne,
Australia.
NAL Call No.:SF601.V44
Abstract:: In the Netherlands a survey was conducted to estimate the
prevalence of paratuberculosis in dairy herds. In total 15822 cows of at least
3 years of age, belonging to 378 herds were tested using an absorbed ELISA.
Of these herds, 55% (n = 207) had one or more serologically positive cows. Of
the positive non-vaccinated herds, most had one (n = 98) or two (n = 49) positive
cows. The percentage positive cows per herd was 2.5 +/- 3.2%. The true prevalences
on cow and herd levels, based on a test sensitivity that ranged from 0.3 to
0.4 and a specificity that ranged from 0.985 and 0.995, were estimated at 2.7-6.9%
and 31-71%. Seven herds had been vaccinated against paratuberculosis and these
herds had a significantly higher percentage of serologically positive cows (23%)
than the non-vaccinated herds (2.5%). In conclusion, a small percentage of the
dairy cows and a high percentage of the dairy herds in the Netherlands is serologically
positive. The percentages true infected cows and herds are difficult to estimate
precisely due to uncertainties in test sensitivity and specificity.
Descriptors: dairy cattle herds, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis paratuberculosis,
disease prevalence, geographical distribution, surveys, ELISA, vaccination,
seroprevalence.
Naser, S.A.; Hulten, K.; Shafran, I.; Graham, D.Y.; El Zaatari, F.A.K. Specific
seroreactivity of Crohn's disease patients against p35 and p36 antigens of M.
avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Vet Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands
: Elsevier Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4) p. 497-504. ISSN: 0378-1135.
Note: In the special issue: Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease) / edited by R.
Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne,
Australia.
NAL Call No.:SF601.V44
Abstract:Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease
that is similar to Johne's disease in ruminants. Recent data have strengthened
the association of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) with
CD. To provide more evidence of an etiological association, antibody reactivities
from CD patients were tested by immunoblotting against recombinant antigens
that were identified previously from our M. paratuberculosis genomic library.
Two clones (designated pMptb#40 (3.2-kb insert) and #48 (1.4-kb insert) expressing
a 35K (p35)- and 36K (p36)-antigens showed specific reactivities with serum
samples from CD patients. Serum samples from 75% of 53 CD patients, 14% of 35
normal individuals and 10% of 10 ulcerative colitis patients reacted to p35
antigen. Reactivities were also observed with serum samples from 89% of 89 CD
patients, 14% of 50 normal controls and 15% of 29 ulcerative colitis patients
reacted with p36 antigen. When the reactivity results from p35 and p36 were
combined, the background from the controls was eliminated, i.e. only the CD
patients reacted to both p35 and p36. The positive predictive value was 98%
with specificity of 98% and the negative predictive value was 76% with sensitivity
of 74% (39 positive out of 53). A statistical significance (p < 0.0001) was
observed when the results from CD serum samples reacting with either or both
antigens were compared to the controls. The reactivity of anti-M. paratuberculosis
(specifically against p35 and p36 antigens) antibodies in a significant proportion
of CD patients would suggest a causal role for the organism in CD.
Descriptors: humans, Crohn's disease Mycobacterium avium, immune response,
antigens, infections, etiology, immunoblotting, recombinant antigens, Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis, blood serum.
Nebbia, P.; Robino, P.; Ferroglio, E.; Rossi, L.; Meneguz, G.; Rosati, S. Paratuberculosis
in red deer (Cervus elaphus hippelaphus) in the western Alps. Veterinary
Research Communications. November, 2000; 24 (7): 435-443. ISSN: 0165-7380
NAL Call No.: SF601.38
Descriptors: 19 red deer, Cottain Alps, DNA amplification on mesenteric
lymph nodes, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, Johne’s disease, detected,
strain similar to bovine strains, in ability of serological tests for monitoring,
serum antibodies by the AGID and ELISA tests.
Nielsen, S. S.; Thamsborg, S. M.; Houe, H.; Bitsch, V. Bulk-tank
milk ELISA antibodies for estimating the prevalence of paratuberculosis in Danish
dairy herds. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. March 29, 2000; 44
(1-2): 1-7. ISSN: 0167-5877
NAL Call No.: SF601.P7
Descriptors: Johne’s disease prevalence, regional differences,
ELISA to test antibodies in bulk milk testing, 6 milk collection centers, 900
herds examined, Denmark.
O' Doherty, A.; O' Grady, D.; Smith, T.; O' Farrell, K. J.; Egan, J. A
survey of Johne's disease in imported animals in the Republic of Ireland.
Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research. December, 2000; 39 (3):
486. ISSN: 0791-6833 Note: 6th Annual Agricultural Research Forum, March 14-15,
2000
NAL Call No.: S539.5.I74
Descriptors: infection rates, surveillance, cattle, Mycobacterium avium
ssp. paratuberculosis, disease incidence, imported cattle.
Oikawa, Shin; Katoh, Norio; Watanabe, Atsushi; Nishi, Hideki; Kurosawa, Takashi;
Satoh, Hiroshi. Serum apolipoprotein A-I evaluated
as a possible marker in cows with Johne's disease. Journal of Rakuno
Gakuen University Natural Science. October, 2000; 25 (1): 37-42. Note: In
Japanese with English summary.
Descriptors: Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, cattle, serum levels of
apolipoprotein A-I as a disease indicator, protein levels, cholesterol serum
concentration; phospholipids levels, albumin serum concentrations, symptomatic
and asymptomatic cattle, reliable marker in evaluating the pathogenesis, intestinal
dysfunction, Johne's disease.
Olsen, Ingrid; Reitan, Liv J.; Holstad, Gudmund; Wiker, Harald G. Alkyl
hydroperoxide reductases C and D are major antigens constitutively expressed
by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Infection and Immunity.
Feb., 2000; 68 (2): 801-808. ISSN: 0019-9567
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
Descriptors: alkyl hydroperoxide reductase C and D antigens, gamma-interferon,
polyclonal and polyvalent antiserum, Mycobacterium avium ssp avium, species
differentiation.
Paisley, Larry G.; Tharaldsen, Jorun; Jarp, Jorun. A
simulated surveillance program for bovine paratuberculosis in dairy herds in
Norway. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. April 28, 2000; 44 (3-4):
141-151. ISSN: 0167-5877
NAL Call No.: SF601.P7
Descriptors: Monte Carlo simulation models, prevalence of MAP, feasibility
and potential results of a proposed national survey, low probability of detection,
study not recommended, epidemiology.
Parrish, N. M.; Townsend, C. A.; Dick, J. D. N-octanesulphonylacetamide
(OSA), an inhibitor of mycolic acid synthesis, inhibits the growth of Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis and is potentiated by the addition of short chain alcohols.
Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology.
2000; 100: 655. ISSN: 1060-2011 Note: 100th General Meeting of the American
Society for Microbiology, Los Angeles, California, USA, May 21-25, 2000
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: bacterial infection, humans, antibacterial drug effects,
butanol, ciproflozacin, ethanol, isoprppanol, mycobactin-J, streptomycin.
Pavlik, I.; Bartl, J.; Dvorska, L.; Svastova, P.; Du-Maine, R.; Machackova,
M.; Ayle, W.Y.; Horvathova, A. Epidemiology of paratuberculosis in wild ruminants
studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism in the Czech Republic during
the period 1995-1998. Vet Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier
Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4) p. 231-251. ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In
the special issue: Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease) / edited by R.
Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne,
Australia.
NAL Call No.:SF601.V44
Abstract:: In two studies carried out during the period 1995-1998, paratuberculosis
was diagnosed in domestic and wild ruminants in the Czech Republic. The isolated
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis strains were analysed by standardised
restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) [Pavlik, I., Horvathova, A.,
Dvorska, L., Bartl, J., Svastova, P., du Maine, R., Rychlik, I., 1999. J. Microbiol.
Methods 38, 155-167]. In December 1992, 19 late pregnant Charolais heifers were
imported to the Czech Republic from Hungary (original import from France to
Hungary). One 11-month-old heifer roamed in the wild in a range of approximately
15-20 km for 7 months from November 1993 to May 1994. Upon capture, the animal
showed clinical signs of paratuberculosis (emaciation and diarrhoea). Seven
other animals from the same herd were infected with the identical RFLP type
B-C1 of M. paratuberculosis. During the period 1995-1996, samples were taken
and examined from the small intestine and corresponding lymph nodes of 84 wild
ruminants: 19 red deers (Cervus elaphus) and 65 roe-deers (Capreolus capreolus).
These wild ruminants originated from 44 different locations within the same
district from as the infected escaped heifer. Five M. paratuberculosis strains
were isolated: one strain of RFLP type B-C1 from a stag and three strains of
RFLP type B-C1 and one strain of RFLP type B-C9 from roe-deer. The three wild
ruminants (one stag and two roe-deer) infected with the same RFLP type B-C1
were detected in the same area as the heifer, suggesting that this was the likely
infection source. However, the infection source of the roe-deer infected with
strain of RFLP type B-C9 was obviously different, and the stags that escaped
from the farm were purchased from an area infected with this RFLP type. In the
second study carried out during 1997-1998 in the whole Czech Republic (divided
into 76 districts), 718 wild ruminants were examined from 90% of the districts.
M. paratuberculosis was isolated from 25 (3.5%) animals from the wild, from
farms and from game parks: 7.1% of 132 red deers, 1.5% of 336 roe-deers, 3.9%
of 178 fallow deers (Dama dama), and 4.2% of 48 moufflons (Ovis musimon). This
study discovered three RFLP types (B-C1, D-C12 and M-C16). A surprising finding
was that of M. paratuberculosis (RFLP type B-C1) infection in roe-deer and a
fallow deer in their natural habitat. The infection source was determined to
have originated from two imported Holstein and Limousine cattle herds infected
with the same strain. In the case of a mother and daughter roe-deer infected
with RFLP type M-C16 and a fallow deer infected with RFLP type D-C12, all roaming
in their natural habitat, the infection source was not discovered. The highest
incidence of clinically ill wild ruminants was found in farmed red deer, and
no relationship was found between the RFLP type or ruminant species and clinical
status of animal.
Descriptors: heifers, Cervus elaphus, red deer,paratuberculosis, epidemiology,
restriction fragment length polymorphism, diagnosis, Mycobacterium avium, disease
symptoms, diarrhea, disease transmission, herds, lymph nodes, small intestine,
fallow deer, mouflon, habitats, Czech Republic.
Pavlik, I.; Matlova, L.; Bartl, J.; Svastova, P.; Dvorska, L.; Whitlock, R.
Parallel faecal and organ Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis culture
of different productivity types of cattle. Vet Microbiol. Amsterdam,
The Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4) p. 309-342.
ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In the special issue: Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease)
/ edited by R. Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium held February 14-18,
1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Abstract:: Faecal (at least 3 months before slaughtering) and organ examinations
were carried out in 611 animals (497 dairy, 69 dual-purpose and 44 beef cattle)
originating from eight paratuberculosis infected cattle herds. The diagnosis
in cattle was established by routine intestinal culture (ileum and the adjacent
lymph nodes) after slaughter. In selected 132 animals, post-mortem intensive
culture was performed on tissue samples collected from the gastrointestinal
tract (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ileocecal valve, caecum, rectum) and the corresponding
lymph nodes, submandibular, retropharyngeal, tracheobronchial, liver and supramammary
lymph nodes, kidney, liver and spleen. In 251 (41.1%) of all 611 animals, Mycobacterium
avium subspecies paratuberculosis could be isolated from the faeces; in 164
(65.7%) out of 251 shedding animals the infection was detected in the ileum
and adjacent lymph nodes. The detection of M. paratuberculosis by routine intestinal
culture of faecal culture positive animals varied from 46.0% in animals shedding
1 CFU (colony forming unit), to 94.7% in massive shedders. On the contrary,
M. paratuberculosis was detected by routine intestinal culture in 92 (25.5%)
of the 360 faecal culture negative animals. Shedding animals had significantly
higher (P < 0.01) number of organisms in their organs than non-shedding animals.
During the intensive tissue cultivation from selected 132 animals, 72 (54.5%)
of them were positive. For the negative animals, no significant difference was
found between the detection rate in organs examined after slaughter with routine
and intensive method. However, in the subgroup of tissue culture positive animals
a highly significant difference (P < 0.01) was found by intensive examination
(83.0%) compared with the routine examination (60.4%). Out of 72 tissue culture
positive animals 73.6% of them harboured M. paratuberculosis in the gastrointestinal
tract, 16.7% in the gastrointestinal tract and the parenchymatous organs, tracheobronchial
and mandibular lymph nodes. The rest of the 9.7% of the infection was detected
in the lymph nodes of head and lungs. Our study concerning the distribution
of M. paratuberculosis by intensive examinations revealed a minimum effect of
breed and production type on localisation of the agent. Thus, the results suggest
that in case of an active infection, M. paratuberculosis can be localised in
different organs of animals irrespective of their breed or production type.
Descriptors: dairy and beef cattle, dual-purpose-cattle, Mycobacterium
avium ssp paratuberculosis. feces and various organs examinations, organ distribution,
pre-slaughter diagnosis, post slaughter, intestines, fecal culture, lymph nodes,
postmortem examinations, digestive tract, kidneys, liver, spleen, shedding,
in-vitro-culture.
Pym, Alexander S.; Brosch, Roland. Tools for
the population genomics of the tubercle bacilli.
Genome Research. December, 2000; 10 (12): 1837-1839. ISSN: 1088-9051
Descriptors: molecular genetics, methods and techniques, genomics, Mycobacterium
avium, Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium microti, Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium ulcerans (Mycobacteriaceae,
DNA, amplification, sequencing.
Rastogi, Nalin; Goh, Khye Seng; Berchel, Mylene; Bryskier, Andre. In
vitro activities of the ketolides telithromycin (HMR 3647) and HMR 3004 compared
to those of clarithromycin against slowly growing mycobacteria at pHs 6.8 and
7.4. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. October, 2000; 44
(10): 2848-2852. ISSN: 0066-4804
NAL Call No.: RM265.A5132
Descriptors: 34 strains tested, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, M. ulcerans,
M. avium, and M. paratuberculosis, M. africanum, M. bovis, and M. simiae, semisynthetic
ketolides, in vitro testing, anti-bacterial agents.
Reviriego, Francisco J.; Moreno, Miguel A.; Dominguez, Lucas. Soil
type as a putative risk factor of ovine and caprine paratuberculosis seropositivity
in Spain. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. Jan. 5, 2000; 43 (1):
43-51. ISSN: 0167-5877
NAL Call No.: SF601.P7
Descriptors: bacterial pathogen distribution, cross-sectional study,
questionnaire date, 61 herds, goats, sheep, serum testing, agar-gel immunodiffusion,
effects of soil types and herd size, Spain.
Rowe, M. T.; Grant, I. R.; Dundee, L.; Ball, H. J. Heat
resistance of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk. Irish
Journal of Agricultural and Food Research. June, 2000; 39 (2): 203-208.
ISSN: 0791-6833
NAL Call No.: S539.5.I74
Descriptors: milk, Johne’s disease, Crohn’s disease, heat
resistance investigated, (1) combined acid fast/viability stain to visualise
viable MAP in milk at different stages during pasteurisation; (2) comparison
of thermal resistance of clumped and declumped MAP cells, (3) assessing the
lethality of a range of time/temperature heat treatments, effect of clumping.
Sanderson, Michael W.; Dargatz, David A.; Garry, Franklyn B. Biosecurity
practices of beef cow-calf producers. Journal of the American Veterinary
Medical Association. July 15, 2000; 217 (2): 185-189. ISSN: 0003-1488
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: biosecurity practices, beef cattle, 2 phase study, cross-sectional
survey, 2,713 cow/calf operations (phase 1. ), 1,190 cow/calf operations (phase
2), interview study, management practices, level of risky management practices,
vaccines given, quarantine time, proportion of imported animals quarantined,
testing for various diseases in imported animals, need for development of rational
and cost effective biosafety plans.
Sanna, E.; Woodall, C. J.; Watt, N. J.; Clarke, C. J.; Pittau, M.; Leoni, A.;
Nieddu, A. M. In situ-PCR for the detection
of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis DNA in paraffin-embedded tissues. European
Journal of Histochemistry. 2000; 44 (2): 179-184. ISSN: 1121-760X
Descriptors: sheep gut tissues, classical lesions of paratuberculosis,
negative control samples, 413-bp fragment of the IS900 sequence was amplified
in-situ, hybridised to an internal PCR-synthesised digoxygenin-labelled probe,
diagnostic and patho genesis potential.
Selby, W.Pathogenesis and therapeutic aspects of Crohn's disease. Vet
Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000.
v. 77 (3/4) p. 505-511. ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In the special issue: Paratuberculosis
(Johne's Disease) / edited by R. Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium held
February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.:SF601.V44
Abstract:: Crohn's disease is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory condition
affecting any part of the human gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized
by transmural inflammation with deep ulceration, thickening of the bowel wall
and fistula formation. The hallmark is the non-caseating granuloma. Clinical
presentation depends upon the site of the inflammation. Pain and diarrhoea are
frequent. Extraintestinal manifestations develop in up to 25% of patients and
perianal disease is also frequent. The aetiology of Crohn's disease remains
unknown. On the host side, genetic factors are important and the immune system
is central to the development of the inflammation. Several environmental factors
also play a role, in particular smoking. The presence of intestinal luminal
contents appears to be essential for the development of Crohn's disease. A number
of specific infectious causes have also been proposed, most recently measles
virus and M. avium subsp. Paratuberculosis. The latter has been considered because
of the similarity between BJD and Crohn's disease, although there are also important
differences. Evidence suggesting that this agent plays a role includes isolation
of the organism from some patients, clustering, and identification by PCR of
M.a. paratuberculosis DNA in tissue. However, many other workers have been unable
to reproduce these findings. Treatment of Crohn's disease is generally with
5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) compounds, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive
agents and antibiotics. The majority of patients with active disease will respond
to one or a combination of the therapies. Recently, broad-spectrum antibiotics
have been shown to be as effective as oral corticosteroids. The challenge in
Crohn's disease remains the prevention of relapse once remission has been achieved.
Oral 5-ASA preparations can be beneficial, particularly after surgery. Immunosuppression,
particularly with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine, is helpful in patients with
resistant inflammation. Antibiotics may delay the time to relapse when used
for active disease. The use of antimycobacterial therapy directed against M.a.
paratuberculosis shows promising results but needs further evaluation. Up to
80% of patients with Crohn's disease will require surgery at some stage in the
course of their illness. The challenge remains to try and prevent resection
of inflamed intestine and to improve the quality of life of those affected by
this disorder.
Descriptors: humans, Crohn's disease, pathogenesis, treatment, digestive
tract inflammation, clinical aspects, etiology, hosts, Mycobacterium avium,
measles virus, paratuberculosis, polymerase chain reaction, aminosalicylic acid,
corticoids, immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics.
Sheridan, Joe M.; Bull, Tim; Sumar, Nazira; Cheng, Jun; Stellakis, Michael;
Hermon, Taylor John. Prediction of the structure,
function and cellular location of proteins encoded by the GS element, a 'pathogenicity
island' in MAP Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Biochemical
Society Transactions. 2000; 28 (3): A76. ISSN: 0300-5127 Note: 671st Meeting
of the Biochemical Society., England, UK, April 11-13, 2000
NAL Call No.: QD415.A1B58
Descriptors: bacterial genetics, proteins, cellular locations, functions,
vaccines.
Sheridan, Joe M.; Bull, Tim; Sumar, Nazira; Cheng, Jun; Stellakis, Michael;
Ford, Jon; Hermon, Taylor John. Prediction of
the structure, function and cellular location of proteins encoded by the GS
element, a 'pathogenicity island' in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
(MAP). Biochemical Society Transactions. October, 2000; 28 (5):
A234. ISSN: 0300-5127. Note: 18th International Congress of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, Birmingham, UK, July 16-20, 2000.
NAL Call No.: QD415.A1B58
Descriptors: protein genetics, GS-encoded protein, systhesis, immune
process, infection.
Singh, S. V.; Singh, P. P.; Singh, N.; Gupta, V. K. Characterization
of lipid pattern of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis isolates from goats and sheep.
Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. September, 2000; 70 (9): 899-903.
ISSN: 0367-8318
NAL Call No.: 41.8 IN22
Descriptors: sheep, goats, strain comparison study, patterns, alpha and
ketomycolates, of methoxy mycolate.
Stabel, J. R.; Lee, Haa Yung; Kehrli, M. E. Jr. Cytokine
secretion and expression in cows infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
FASEB Journal. April 20, 2000; 14 (6): A1111. ISSN: 0892-6638 Note: Joint
Annual Meeting of the American Association of Immunologists and the Clinical
Immunology Society, Seattle, Washington, USA, May 12-16, 2000.
NAL Call No.: QH301.F3
Descriptors: cattle, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, IL-1 [interleukin-1];
IL-2 [interleukin-2]; concanavalin-A; cytokine expression and secretion, interferon
gamma, tumor necrosis factor.
Stabel, Judith R. Cytokine secretion by peripheral
blood mononuclear cells from cows infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
American Journal of Veterinary Research. July, 2000; 61 (7): 754-760.
ISSN: 0002-9645
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Am3A
Descriptors: cattle, Johne’s disease, cytokine levels, comparison
between healthy, subclinical infected and clinically infected cattle, interleukin
(IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma),
post in vitro stimulation of cells with concanavalin A (ConA), lipopolysaccharide
(LPS), or a whole-cell sonicate of M paratuberculosis (MpS), proliferative responses
of PBMC post ConA, phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen (PWM), or MpS, activated
T cells may delay the progression of paratuberculosis.
Stabel, J.R.Johne's disease and milk: do consumers need to worry. J
Dairy Sci. Savoy, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association. July 2000.
v. 83 (7) p. 1659-1663. ISSN: 0022-0302
NAL Call No.:44.8 J822
Abstract:: Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, an acid-fast bacillus that
causes enteritis in ruminants, has been suggested as an etiological agent of
Crohn's disease in humans. The mode of transmission is unclear; however, some
evidence suggests that humans may become infected via contaminated milk. Currently,
it is not known whether commercial pasteurization effectively kills M. paratuberculosis
in contaminated raw milk. Using a laboratory-scale pasteurizer unit designed
to simulate the high-temperature, short-time method (72 degrees C, 15 sec) currently
used by commercial dairies, we previously demonstrated that treatment of raw
milk inoculated with 10(4) to 10(6) cfu of M. paratuberculosis/ml reduced numbers
to an undetectable level. However, M. paratuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen
that resides within the macrophages of the host and evades destruction. We subsequently
performed further experiments examining heat treatment of milk inoculated with
mammary gland macrophages containing ingested M. paratuberculosis. Heat treatment
of these samples under high-temperature, short-time conditions demonstrated
that the macrophage does not protect the organism because we were unable to
recover any viable M. paratuberculosis from the samples. Conversely, other researchers
have demonstrated that a residual population of M. paratuberculosis may survive
heat treatment of milk. In addition, a recent news report stated that viable
M. paratuberculosis organisms have been cultured from retail-ready milk in Ireland.
A summary of past and current studies concerning this issue along with a discussion
of methodologies used to recover M. paratuberculosis from experimentally inoculated
milk will be presented in this paper.
Descriptors: Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, dairy cows, paratuberculosis,
contaminated milk, bacterial count, pasteurization processing temperature and
duration, milkborne diseases, Crohn's disease, culture media and techniques,
disease control, food safety concerns.
Stabel, J.R.Transitions in immune responses to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
Vet Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V.
Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4) p. 465-473. ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In the special
issue: Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease) / edited by R. Chiodini. Paper
presented at a colloquium held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Abstract:: The host immune response to infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
is paradoxical, with strong cell-mediated immune responses during the early,
subclinical stages of infection and strong humoral responses during the late
clinical stages of the disease. Cell-mediated immune responses modulated by
various T cell subsets are essential to provide protective immunity and prevent
progression of the disease. Secretion of cytokines by T cell populations serves
to activate macrophages to kill ingested M. paratuberculosis as well as activate
other T cell subsets to contain the infection. This paper reviews the current
knowledge of T cell immune responses in M. paratuberculosis infection based
upon clinical studies and research using mouse models.
Descriptors: Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, host immune response, latent
infections, disease course, clinical aspects, T lymphocytes, cytokines, secretion,
macrophages, Johne's disease.
Sockett, D.C. Johne's disease diagnosis and control. Adv Dairy Technol.
Edmonton : University of Alberta, Faculty of Extension, c1989. 2000. v. 12 p.
73-84. ISSN: 1184-0684 Note: Paper presented at the 18th Annual Western Canadian
Dairy Seminar held March 7-10, 2000, Red Deer, Alberta.
URL: http://www.afns.ualberta.ca
NAL Call No.: SF223.W478
Descriptors: dairy cows, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Johnes' disease,
diagnosis and control.
Step, D. L.; Streeter, Robert N.; Kirkpatrick, John G. Johne's
disease update. Bovine Practitioner. January, 2000; 34 (1): 6-12.
ISSN: 0524-1685
NAL Call No.: SF779.5.A1B6
Descriptors: cattle, description of the disease, availability of diagnostic
tests, control, eradication, reduction of exposure, pathogenesis.
Stringfellow, D. A.; Givens, M. D. Infectious
agents in bovine embryo production: Hazards and solutions. Theriogenology.
January 1, 2000; 53 (1): 85-94. ISSN: 0093-691X Note: Proceedings of the Annual
Conference of the International Embryo Transfer Society, Maastricht, Netherlands,
January 09-11, 2000
NAL Call No.: QP251.A1T5
Descriptors: infectious organisms, Haemophilus somnus, Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Mycoplasma bovis, Ureaplasma diversum,
bovine embryos, bovine herpesvirus 1 and 4, rinderpest virus.
Storset, A. K.; Berntsen, G.; Larsen, H. J. S. Kinetics
of IL-2 receptor expression on lymphocyte subsets from goats infected with Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis after specific in vitro stimulation. Veterinary
Immunology and Immunopathology. 23 November, 2000; 77 (1-2): 43-54. ISSN:
0165-2427
NAL Call No.: SF757.2.V38
Descriptors: goats, quantification of surface IL-2R expression on activated
lymphocytes, flow cytometry, cellular immunity, stimulation with purified protein
derivate from M.A.P., gammadelta T cells, CD4+ cells, CD8+ T cells, immune responses.
Sung, Nackmoon; Collins, Michael T. Effect
of three factors in cheese production (pH, salt, and heat) on Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis viability. Applied and Environmental
Microbiology. April, 2000; 66 (4): 1334-1339. ISSN: 0099-2240
NAL Call No.: 448.3 Ap5
Descriptors: kinetics of bacterial pathogen inactivation, 60 day cheese
curing process, ATCC strain 19698, Dominic, low pH and NaCl are two factors
contributing to the inactivation, the radiometric culture method, heat treatment
of raw milk, 60-day curing period will inactivate about 103 cells/ml.
Thorne, S. H.; Norman, E.; McFadden, J. Approaches
to genetic manipulation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Abstracts
of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology. 2000; 100:
96. ISSN: 1060-2011 Note: 100th General Meeting of the American Society for
Microbiology, Los Angeles, California, USA, May 21-25, 2000.
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: molecular genetics, biotechnology.
Weber, A.; Shaefer, Schmidt R.; Fuchs, D.; Weigl, U. Occurrence
of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in faecal samples of cattle in Bavaria.
Tieraerztliche Umschau. Feb. 1, 2000; 55 (2): 97-99. ISSN: 0049-3864
Note: In German with English and German summaries.
NAL Call No.: 41.8 T445
Descriptors: fecal samples, 1116 cattle, incidence of disease in Austria.
Webster, S.R. The financial consequences of ovine Johne's disease for New
South Wales sheep producers. Asian Australas J. Anim Sci. Seoul,
Korea : AAAP and Korean Society of Animal Nutrition. July 2000. v. 13 (Suppl.)
p. 465-468. ISSN: 1011-2367. Note: In the supplement: Animal production for
a consuming world, vol. C / edited by G.M. Stone. Proceedings of the 9th
Congress of the Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies
and 23rd Biennial Conference of the Australian Society of Animal Production
held July 3-7, 2000, Sydney, Australia.
NAL Call No.: SF55.A78A7
Descriptors: paratuberculosis, sheep disease, economic impact, Johne's
disease, Australia.
Wells, S.J.Biosecurity on dairy operations: hazards and risks.J Dairy
Sci. Savoy, Ill. : American Dairy Science Association. Oct 2000. v. 83 (10)
p. 2380-2386. ISSN: 0022-0302
NAL Call No.: 44.8 J822
Descriptors: dairy herds, biosafety, Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis,
paratuberculosis, risk assessment, disease transmission, disease control, maternal
transmission, calves, hygiene, cattle manure, waste disposal, bovine diarrhea
virus, disease prevalence, Johne's disease, hazard analysis and critical control
point, human heath risks.
Wells, Scott J.; Wagner, Bruce A. Herd-level
risk factors for infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in US dairies
and association between familiarity of the herd manager with the disease or
prior diagnosis of the disease in that herd and use of preventive measures.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. May 1, 2000;
216 (9): 1450-1457. ISSN: 0003-1488
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: herd infection status, management practices, knowledge of
herd manager, Johne’s disease, population bases cross-sectional study,
1,004 US dairy operations, questionnaires, blood samples, antibody status, commercial
ELISA for testing, multivariable logistic regression analyses, factors associated
with infection, some recommendations.
Wentink, G. H.; Frankena, K.; Bosch, J. C.; Vandehoek, J. E. D.; van den Berg,
Th. Prevention of disease transmission by semen
in cattle. Livestock Production Science. Feb., 2000; 62 (3): 207-220.
ISSN: 0301-6226
NAL Call No.: SF1.L5
Descriptors: semen production, bulls, disease surveillance, EU-Directive
88/407 prescribes monitoring of bulls in AI stations, screening for many diseases
including Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis, Johne’s disease, programs.
Whist, S. K.; Storset, A. K.; Larsen, H. J. S. The
use of interleukin-2 receptor expression as a marker of cell-mediated immunity
in goats experimentally infected with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis.
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. March 15, 2000; 73 (3-4):
207-218. ISSN: 0165-2427
NAL Call No.: SF757.2.V38
Descriptors: whole blood, method and technique refinement, cell-mediated
immune response to paratuberculosis, experimentally infected animals, quantification
of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression, activated lymphocytes, in vitro
stimulation with Mycobacterium avium ssp. Paratuberculosis derived purified
protein derivative (PPDp).
Whitlock, R.H.; Wells, S.J.; Sweeney, R.W.; Van Tiem, J. ELISA and fecal
culture for paratuberculosis (Johne's disease): sensitivity and specificity
of each method. Vet Microbiol. Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier
Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4) p. 387-398. ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In
the special issue: Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease) / edited by R.
Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium held February 14-18, 1999, Melbourne,
Australia.
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Abstract:: The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA and fecal culture
tests for paratuberculosis in dairy cattle are examined. ELISA and fecal culture
data from seven dairy herds where both fecal cultures and ELISA testing was
done concurrently are included. A cohort of 954 cattle including 697 parturient
adults, cultured every 6 months from 10 herds followed over 4 years served as
the basis to determine fecal culture sensitivity. The fecal culture technique
utilized a 2 g sample with centrifugation and double incubation. Of the 954
cattle cohort of all ages (calf to adult) that were fecal sampled on the first
herd visit, 79 were culture positive. An additional 131 animals were detected
as culture positive over the next seven tests at 6-month intervals. The sensitivity
of fecal culture to detect infected cattle on the first sampling was 38%. Of
the 697 parturient cattle cohort, 67 were positive on the first fecal culture,
while an additional 91 adult cattle were culture positive over the next seven
tests, resulting in a sensitivity of 42% on the first culture of the total animals
identified as culture positive. Animals culled from the herds prior to being
detected as infected and animals always fecal culture negative with culture
positive tissues at slaughter are not included in the calculations. Both groups
of infected cattle will lower the apparent sensitivity of fecal culture. Infected
dairy herds tested concurrently with both fecal culture and ELISA usually resulted
in more than twofold positive animals by culture compared to ELISA. The classification
of infected cattle by the extent of shedding of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
in the feces helps define the relative proportion of cattle in each group and
therefore the likelihood of detection by the ELISA test. ELISA has a higher
sensitivity in animals with a heavier bacterial load, i.e. high shedders (75%)
compared to low shedders (15%). Repeated testing of infected herds identifies
a higher proportion of low shedders which are more likely to be ELISA negative.
Thus, the sensitivity of the ELISA test decreases with repeated herd testing
over time, since heavy shedders will be culled first from the herds.
Descriptors: dairy cattle, ELISA, paratuberculosis, diagnosis, evaluation,
feces, cell cultures, age, disease prevalence, diagnostic techniques, shedding
of Mycobacterium, detection, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
Whittington, R. J.; Hope, A. F.; Marshall, D. J.; Taragel, C. A.; Marsh, I.
Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium avium
subsp. paratuberculosis: IS900 restriction fragment length polymorphism and
IS1311 polymorphism analyses of isolates from animals and a human in Australia.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology. September, 2000; 38 (9): 3240-3248.
ISSN: 0095-1137
NAL Call No.: QR46.J6
Descriptors: strain distribution and prevalence, 328 isolates, sheep,
dairy and beef cattle, goats, alpacas, rhinoceros, humans, Johne’s disease,
restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) analysis, genomic DNA, BstEII,
12 IS900 types found, sheep and cattle specific strains, tracing strain dispersion,
Australia.
Whittington, R. J.; Reddacliff, L. A.; Marsh, I.; McAllister, S.; Saunders,
V. Temporal patterns and quantification of excretion
of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in sheep with Johne's disease.
Australian Veterinary Journal. Jan., 2000; 78 (1): 34-37. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: Merino sheep, excretion frequency, Johne’s disease,
fecal culture for 7 sheep, pen and lab experiments, excretion patterns, possible
impact on environmental contamination, multibacillary and paucibacillary cases.
Whittington, R. J.; Fell,S.; Walker, D.; McAllister, S.; Marsh, I.; Sergeant,
E.; Taragel, C. A.; Marshall, D. J.; Links, I. J. Use
of pooled fecal culture for sensitive and economic detection of Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in flocks of sheep. Journal
of Clinical Microbiology. July, 2000; 38 (7): 2550-2556. ISSN: 0095-1137
NAL Call No.: QR46.J6
Descriptors: sheep, culturing pooled fecal samples, test sensitivity,
multibacillary paratuberculosis, with paucibacillary paratuberculosis, compared
to serologic and histopathic examinations, 335 farms, test costs, flock testing.
Wildblood, L. A.; Sinclair, M. C.; Stevenson, K.; Jones, D. G. Effects
of in vitro infection with mycobacteria on oxidative metabolism of macrophages.
Immunology. December, 2000; 101 (Supplement 1): 125. ISSN: 0019-2805
Note: Annual Congress of the British Society for Immunology, Harrogate, UK,
December 05-08, 2000
NAL Call No.: 448.3 Im6 Suppl.
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, pathogen, Mycobacterium
smegmatis, effects on superoxide.
Wraight, M.D.; McNeil, J.; Beggs, D.S.; Greenall, R.K.; Humphris, T.B.; Irwin,
R.J.; Jagoe, S.P.; Jemmeson, A.; Morgan, W.F.; Brightling, P.; Anderson, G.A.;
Mansell, P.D. Compliance of Victorian dairy farmers with current calf rearing
recommendations for control of Johne's disease. Vet Microbiol. Amsterdam,
The Netherlands : Elsevier Science B.V. Dec 20, 2000. v. 77 (3/4) p. 429-442.
ISSN: 0378-1135. Note: In the special issue: Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease)
/ edited by R. Chiodini. Paper presented at a colloquium held February 14-18,
1999, Melbourne, Australia.
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Abstract:: Questionnaires were posted to 800 randomly selected registered
Victorian dairy farmers in 1996. Five hundred and thirty-four responses were
received and analysed. Johne's disease (JD) had been diagnosed on the farm of
13.2% of respondents in the last 5 years. JD was rated second only to neonatal
diarrhoea in importance as a disease of calves, even though other diseases occurred
more frequently. However, there was a low level of compliance with JD control
recommendations by the respondents. There was no significant difference in the
number of JD control recommendations adopted by farmers between the three major
Victorian regions. There was a significant difference in compliance between
farms having had a diagnosed case of JD and those that had not. Although there
is awareness among dairy farmers of the importance of JD, there appears to be
a poor implementation of measures by farmers to prevent the spread of the disease.
Current JD control recommendations and the method of information transfer to
Victorian dairy farms should be reassessed to ensure that dairy heifers are
reared with minimal risk of transmission of JD.
Descriptors: dairy cattle, calves, Johne's disease, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis,
dairy farms, farmers' attitudes, animal rearing-techniques, disease control
meausres, diagnosis, neonatal diarrhea,geographical variation, incidence, diffusion
of information, Victoria, Australia.
Burrells, C.; Clarke, C.J.; Colston, A.; Kay, J.M.; Porter, J.; Little, D.;
Sharp, J.M. Interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 release by lymphocytes derived
from the blood, mesenteric lymph nodes and intestines of normal sheep and those
affected with paratuberculosis (Johne's disease). Vet Immunol Immunopathol.
Amsterdam : Elsevier. May 1999. v. 68 (2/4) p. 139-148. ISSN: 0165-2427
NAL call no: SF757.2.V38
Descriptors: sheep, paratuberculosis, interferon, interleukin-2, lymphocytes,
lymph-nodes. intestines, cytokines, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, lesions,
major histocompatibility complex, cd4+-lymphocytes, Mycobacterium avium subsp.
paratuberculosis.
Balci, A. Tulay; Wilbey, R. Andrew. Determination
of acid phosphatase activity in heat treated milks by the Fluorophos Test System.
International Journal of Dairy Technology. May, 1999; 52 (2): 56-58.
ISSN: 1364-727X
NAL Call No.: SF221.I58
Descriptors: Fluorophos Test System(R), measurement of acid phosphatase,
fruit juices and milk, enhance the destruction of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
Bannantine, John P.; Stabel, Judith R. Identification
of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis antigens present within infected macrophages.
Molecular Biology of the Cell. Nov., 1999; 10 (SUPPL. ): 181a. ISSN:
1059-1524 Note: 39th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology,
Washington, D.C., USA, December 11-15, 1999.
NAL Call No.: QH604.C452
Descriptors: white cells, macrophages, isolation and identification of
intracellar bacteria, Johne’s diseases.
Cobb, Alison J.; Frothingham, Richard. The
GroES antigens of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
Veterinary Microbiology. June 1, 1999; 67 (1): 31-35. ISSN: 0378-1135
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Descriptors: similarities and differences between species, possible vaccine
agent.
Dei, R.; Tortoli, E.; Bartoloni, A.; Simonetti, M. T.; Lillini, E. HPLC
does not differentiate Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from Mycobacterium avium.
Veterinary Microbiology. March 12, 1999; 65 (3) 209-213. ISSN: 0378-1135
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Descriptors: testing of isolates, potential detection method, no significant
differences.
Dotta, U.; Guglielmino, R.; Cagnasso, A.; D' Angelo, A.; Prato, S.; Bosso,
M. Effects of subclinical bovine paratuberculosis
on in-vitro polymorphonuclear neutrophil migration. Journal of Comparative
Pathology. Nov., 1999; 121 (4): 399-403. ISSN: 0021-9975
NAL Call No.: 41.8 J82
Descriptors: white blood cells, neutrophils, subclinical infection, blood
picture.
Driemeier, David; Farias, Cruz Claudio Estevao; Pereira, Gomes Marcos Jose;
Corbellini, Luis Gustavo; Loretti, Alexandre Paulino; Colodel, Edson Moleta.
Clinical and pathological aspects of bovine
paratuberculosis in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinaria
Brasileira. July-Dec., 1999; 19 (3-4): 109-115. ISSN: 0100-736X Note: In
Portuguese with English and Portuguese summaries.
NAL Call No.: SF756.37.B7 P5
Descriptors: dairy herd, clinical signs, cattle, necropsy findings described,
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis cultured in Herrold's medium enriched with mycobactin,
many tissues cultured.
El Zaatari, Fouad A. K.; Naser, Saleh A.; Hulten, Kristina; Burch, Paula; Graham,
David Y. Characterization of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
p36 antigen and its seroreactivities in Crohn's disease. Current Microbiology.
Aug., 1999; 39 (2): 115-119. ISSN: 0343-8651
NAL Call No.: QR1.C78
Descriptors: possible zoonotic relationships between Johne’s and
Crohn’s, immunoblotting technique, reactivity of human sera from patients
with Crohn’s indicates Mycobacteria may be involved.
Ellingson, Jay L. E.; Stabel, Judith R. Species-specific
genetic identification of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Official
Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office Patents. [e-file]
Nov. 16, 1999; 1228 (3): No pagination. ISSN: 0098-1133
NAL Call No.: T223.A21
Abstract: An M. paratuberculosis gene referred to as hspX provides a
useful target region for the construction of suitable probes and primers that
are species-specific for distinguishing M. paratuberculosis from related mycobacteria
in a test sample. M. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of Johne's disease
and has been isolated from human patients with Crohn's disease.
Descriptors: hspX gene, possible species specific probes and primers,
strain differentiation, Johne’s disease agent, Crohn’s disease.
Englund, Stina; Ballagi, Pordany, Andras; Bolske, Goran; Johansson, Karl Erik.
Single PCR and nested PCR with a mimic molecule
for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Diagnostic
Microbiology and Infectious Disease. March, 1999; 33 (3) 163-171.
ISSN: 0732-8893
Descriptors: detection method, nested PCR based on IS900 plus an internal
control molecule, to confirm growth, bovine tissues, primary bacterial cultures,
considered a useful screening tool.
Feola, R. P.; Collins, M. T.; Czuprynski, C. J. Hormonal
modulation of phagocytosis and intracellular growth of Mycobacterium avium ss.
paratuberculosis in bovine peripheral blood monocytes. Microbial Pathogenesis.
Jan., 1999; 26 (1) 1-11. ISSN: 0882-4010
NAL Call No.: QR175.M53
Descriptors: growth hormone, prolactin, vitamin D3, luteinizing hormone,
oxytocin, hormone effects on phagocytosis and intracellular survival, bovine
peripheral blood monocytes, intracellular bacillary growth.
Freeman, Roger; Magee, John; Barratt, Anne; Wheeler, Janice; Steward, Michael;
Lee, Maureen; Piggott, Nigel; Grobusch, Martin P. Rapid
immunochromatographic assay for diagnosis of tuberculosis: Antibodies detected
may not be specific. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. June, 1999;
37 (6): 2111-2112. ISSN: 0095-1137
NAL Call No.: QR46.J6
Descriptors: Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium
bovis, Mycobacterium chelonei, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium kansasii,
Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium microti, Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium
vaccae, 38 kilodalton antigen.
Gasteiner, J.; Wenzl, H.; Fuchs, K.; Jark, U.; Baumgartner, W. Serological
cross-sectional study of paratuberculosis in cattle in Austria. Journal
of Veterinary Medicine Series B. Sept., 1999; 46 (7): 457-466. ISSN: 0931-1793
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Z52
Descriptors: 11,028 cattle, 2757 farms, prevalence of serum antibodies,
epidemiological study, ELISA (Allied Monitors), 6 year old Holstein Frisian
cattle, various regional differences, Austria.
Gilot, Philippe; Coetsier, C. Specificity of
the 34-kilodalton immunodominant protein of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
(and reply). Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. Jan.,
1999; 6 (1) 146-148. ISSN: 1071-412X
Descriptors: bacterial protein, specificity.
Grant, I. R.; Ball, H. J.; Rowe, M. T. Effect
of higher pasteurization temperatures, and longer holding times at 72degreeC,
on the inactivation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in milk. Letters
in Applied Microbiology. June, 1999; 28 (6): 461-465. ISSN: 0266-8254
NAL Call No.: QR1.L47
Descriptors: raw milk, inoculated with 3 strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis,
NCTC 8578, B2 and DVL 943 various heat treatments, survivability.
Greig, Alastair; Stevenson, Karen; Henderson, Dennis; Perez, Valentin; Hughes,
Valerie; Pavlik, Ivo; Hines, Murray E. II; McKendrick, Iain; Sharp, J. Michael.
Epidemiological study of paratuberculosis in
wild rabbits in Scotland. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. June,
1999; 37 (6): 1746-1751. ISSN: 0095-1137
NAL Call No.: QR46.J6
Descriptors: prevalence, 22 farms, rabbits as vectors, cattle and rabbit
disease interactions, molecular genetic typing looking for strain differences,
interspecies transmission, epidemiology, wildlife a reservoirs and vectors.
Gyimesi, Zoltan S.; Stalis, Ilse H.; Miller, Janice M.; Thoen, Charles O. Detection
of Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded
tissues of captive exotic birds using polymerase chain reaction. Journal
of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. Sept., 1999; 30 (3): 348-353. ISSN: 1042-7260
NAL Call No.: SF601 J6
Descriptors: methods, techniques, Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium, Mycobacterium
avium ssp. paratuberculosis, avian tuberculosis, diagnostic study, formalin
fixed, paraffin embedded archival avian tissues, testing by polymerase chain
reaction (PCR), reliability, diagnostic value of test.
Hajtos, Istvan; Glavits, Robert; Malik, Galal. Paratuberculosis
in Northern Hungarian sheep flocks. Magyar Allatorvosok Lapja.
July, 1999; 121 (7): 383-390. ISSN: 0025-004X Note: In Hungarian with English
and Hungarian summaries.
NAL Call No.: 41.8 V644
Descriptors: Hungarian Merino sheep, 5 flocks, occurrence of Johne’s
disease, clinical and on the spot examinations, clinical signs, histology findings,
ileum, mesenterial lymph nodes, smear samples of ileal mucosa, M. avium subsp.
paratuberculosis, etiology, pathology.
Harris, N. Beth; Feng, Zhengyu; Liu, Xiaofei; Cirillo, Suat L. G.; Cirillo,
Jeffrey D.; Barletta, Raul G. Development of
a transposon mutagenesis system for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
FEMS Microbiology Letters. June 1, 1999; 175 (1): 21 26. ISSN: 0378-1097
NAL Call No.: QR1.F44
Descriptors: methods to introduce DNA into bacteria, transformation and
phage infection, first transposon mutagenesis system, conditionally replicating
mycobacteriophage phAE94, insertion sites, 5620 insertion mutants.
Harris, N. B.; Liu, X.; Cirillo, J. D.; Barletta, R. G. Transposon
mutagenesis of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Abstracts of the General
Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology. 1999; 99: 650. ISSN: 1060-2011
Note: 99th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Chicago,
Illinois, USA, May 30-June 3, 1999
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Tn5367 transposon, bacteriophage
mediated delivery, aph gene mutation.
Hermon, Taylor J.; Cheng, J.; Bull, T. Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk: An animal and human pathogen.
Journal of Microbiological Methods. Nov., 1999; 38 (3): 217.
ISSN: 0167-7012 Note: European Meeting on Molecular Diagnostics, Scheveningen,
The Hague, Netherlands, October 13-16, 1999
NAL Call No.: QR65.J68
Descriptors: milk, dairy products, zoonotic disease, food contaminant,
description of biology, issues and concerns.
Higgins, R. Infections of uncertain zoonotic
origin. Medecin Veterinaire du Quebec. 1999; 29 (1): 29-35. ISSN:
0225-9591 Note: In French.
NAL Call No.: SF602.M8
Descriptors: dogs, humans, pigs, various diseases including, Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis.
Hubbard, James; Surawicz, Christina M. Etiological
role of Mycobacterium in Crohn's disease: An assessment of the literature.
Digestive Diseases. 1999; 17 (1): 6-13. ISSN: 0257-2753
Descriptors: Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis,
etiological role, pathogens, humans, possible zoonotic disease.
Johnson, Ifearulundu Yvette; Kaneene, John B. Distribution
and environmental risk factors for paratuberculosis in dairy cattle herds in
Michigan. American Journal of Veterinary Research. May, 1999;
60 (5): 589-596. ISSN: 0002-9645
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Am3A
Descriptors: 3,886 dairy cattle tested, herds, soil risk factors, epidemiology
of infection, pH, iron content, lime addition, pastures, exercise lots, questionnaire
on management practices, productivity levels, Michigan.
Johnson, Ifearulundu Yvette; Kaneene, John B.; Lloyd, James W. Herd-level
economic analysis of the impact of paratuberculosis on dairy herds. Journal
of the American Veterinary Medical Association. March 15, 1999; 214 (6)
822-825. ISSN: 0003-1488
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: herd level analysis; economic losses; dairy cattle; herds;
cross-sectional study design; sample population-A multistage stratified random
sample of 121 dairy herds; questionnaires were filled out regarding management
practices, herd productivity, labor use, expenditures; blood sampling; Michigan.
Marsh, I.; Whittington R.; Cousins, D. PCR-restriction
endonuclease analysis for identification and strain typing of Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium based on
polymorphisms in IS1311. Molecular and Cellular Probes. April,
1999; 13 (2): 115-126. ISSN: 0890-8508
NAL Call No.: RB43.7.M63
Descriptors: cattle, sheep, DNA, Mycobacterium avium, IS1311 gene, IS900
gene, Mycobacterium avium avium, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis,
possible diagnostic agent, restriction endonuclease analysis products interpretation.
McDonald, W. L.; Ridge, S. E.; Hope, A. F.; Condron, R. J. Evaluation
of diagnostic tests for Johne's disease in young cattle. Australian
Veterinary Journal. Feb., 1999; 77 (2): 113-119. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: development of immune responses, calves, oral dosing for
experimental infection, natural infection, evaluation of potential diagnostic
tests, testing fecal shedding, Johne’s disease, difficulties in diagnosis.
Moreira, Ana Rita; Paolicchi, Fernando; Morsella, Claudia; Zumarraga, Martin;
Cataldi, Angel; Fabiana, Bigi; Alicia, Alito; Piet, Overduin; van Soolingen,
Dick; Maria, Isabel Romano. Distribution of
IS900 restriction fragment length polymorphism types among animal Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from Argentina and Europe. Veterinary
Microbiology. Dec., 1999; 70 (3-4): 251-259. ISSN: 0378-1135
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Descriptors: cattle and deer isolates, 61 isolates, 4 different patterns,
BstII digests of genomic DNA, patterns described, Argentina.
Mulder, Michelle A.; Zappe, Harold; Steyn, Lafras M. The
Mycobacterium tuberculosis katG promoter region contains a novel upstream activator.
Microbiology Reading. Sept., 1999; 145 (9): 2507-2518. ISSN: 1350-0872
NAL Call No.: QR1.J64
Descriptors: ascorbic acid, analysis of the katG promoter, upstream activator
containing pJCuc, E. coli- Mycobacterium shuttle plasmid construction and utilization,
luciferase reporter gene expression, reporter gene, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Murray, Alan; Gheorghiu, Marin; Gicquel, Brigitte. Promoter
of M. paratuberculosis and its use for the expression of immunogenic sequences.
Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office Patents.
[e-file] Oct. 19, 1999; 1227 (3): No pagination. ISSN: 0098-1133
NAL Call No.: T223.A21
Abstract: The invention relates to a nucleotide sequence which is present
at a position adjacent to the 5' end of the reverse sequence complementary to
the open reading frame coding for a potential transposase contained in the insertion
element IS900 in Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. The nucleotide sequence has
promoter functions and contains important signals for the regulation of transcription
and translation. The invention also relates to methods for cloning and expressing
heterologous proteins using such regulatory sequences, to vectors and transformed
host cells containing these sequences, and to immunogenic compositions prepared
by expression of nucleotide sequences placed under control of these regulatory
sequences.
Descriptors: bacterial genetics, promoter functions, regulation of transcription
and translation.
Naser, S.; Fenster, W.; Romero, C.; Schwartz, D.; Campbell, D.; Piromalli,
C.; Shafran, I. In vitro evaluation of anti-tuberculosis
drugs against Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis for treatment of Crohn's
disease. Gastroenterology. April, 1999; 116 (4 PART 2): A783.
ISSN: 0016-5085 Note: Digestive Disease Week and the 100th Annual Meeting of
the American Gastroenterological Association, Orlando, Florida, USA, May 16-19,
1999
NAL Call No.: RC799.G37
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, susceptibility
to antibiotics, clarithromycin, ethambutol, isoniazid, kanamycin, pyrazinamide,
rifampicin, streptomycin.
Naser, Saleh; Shafran, Ira; El Zaatari, Fouad. Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Crohn's disease is serologically positive.
Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. March, 1999; 6 (2) 282.
ISSN: 1071-412X
Descriptors: human, Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium
bovis, detection.
Ott, Stephen L.; Wells, Scott J.; Wagner, Bruce A. Herd-level
economic losses associated with Johne's disease on US dairy operations.
Preventive Veterinary Medicine. June 11, 1999; 40 (3-4): 179-192. ISSN:
0167-5877
NAL Call No.: SF601.P7
Descriptors: USDA National Animal Health Monitoring System's (NAHMS),
dairy cattle study, economic losses, Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis,
high prevalence herds, milk reductions, culling cows, losses of $ 200-250 million
annually.
Pavlik, Ivo; Horvathova, Alica; Dvorska, Lenka; Bartl, Jiri; Svastova, Petra;
du Maine, Robin; Rychlik, Ivan. Standardisation
of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for Mycobacterium avium
subspecies paratuberculosis. Journal of Microbiological Methods.
Oct., 1999; 38 (1-2): 155-167. ISSN: 0167-7012
NAL Call No.: QR65.J68
Descriptors: DNA, 1008 strains, digestion with PstI and BstII, hybridized
with standard IS900 probe, DNA fingerprints, GelCompar, 13 fragment length polymorphisms.
Puyang, Xiaoling; Lee, Karen; Pawlichuk, Corey; Kunimoto, Dennis Y. IS1626,
a new IS900-related Mycobacterium avium insertion sequence. Microbiology
Reading. Nov., 1999; 145 (11): 3163-3168. ISSN: 1350-0872
NAL Call No.: QR1.J64
Nucleotide sequence: AF071067-: GenBank, amino acid nucleotide sequence.
Descriptors: bacterial identifying genetics, high-stringency hybridization
with the pMB22/S12 probe from IS900 of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, 3 clones,
Rauzier, Jean; Gormley, Eamonn; Gutierrez, M. Cristina; Kassa, Kelembho Eric;
Sandall, Laurie J.; Dupont, Chris; Gicquel, Brigitte; Murray, Alan. A
novel polymorphic genetic locus in members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex. Microbiology Reading. July, 1999; 145 (7): 1695-1701.
ISSN: 1350-0872
NAL Call No.: QR1.J64
Descriptors: PAN promoter as a DNA probe, strain differential between
wild-type Mycobacterium bovis and the vaccine strain Mycobacterium bovis BCG,
genetic basis, similarity of PAN region,. The Shine-Dalgarno sequence and the
10 and 35 promoter regions are conserved between the different species, strain
markers.
Reichel, Michael P.; Kittelberger, Reinhold; Penrose, Mary E.; Meynell, Robyn
M.; Cousins, Debby; Ellis, Trevor; Mutharia, Lucy M.; Sugden, Edward A.; Johns,
Andrea H.; de Lisle, Geoffrey W. Comparison
of serological tests and faecal culture for the detection of Mycobacterium avium
subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle and analysis of the antigens involved.
Veterinary Microbiology. April 1, 1999; 66 (2) 135-150. ISSN: 0378-1135
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Descriptors: cattle, 341 sera samples,106 fecal samples, assay evaluation,
ELISA, complement fixation test, detection assay, comparison study.
Sinclair, M. C.; Wildblood, L. A.; Stevenson, K.; Jones, D. G. Cytokine
mRNA production in ovine alveolar macrophages infected with mycobacteria.
Immunology. Dec., 1999; 98 (suppl. 1): 52. ISSN: 0019-2805 Note: Joint
Congress of the British Society for Immunology and the British Society for Allergy
& Clinical Immunology., Harrogate, England, UK, November 30-December 03,
1999
NAL Call No.: 448.3 Im6 Suppl.
Descriptors: infection with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis,
cytokines.
Sinclair, M. C.; Wildblood, L. A.; Stevenson, K.; Beard, P.; Sharp, J. M.;
Hopkins, J.; Jones, D. G. The initial T-cell
and cytokine profile of lambs experimentally infected with mycobacteria.
Immunology. Dec., 1999; 98 (suppl. 1): 52. ISSN: 0019-2805 Note: Joint
Congress of the British Society for Immunology and the British Society for Allergy
& Clinical Immunology., Harrogate, England, UK, November 30-December 03,
1999
NAL Call No.: 448.3 Im6 Suppl.
Descriptors: sheep, lambs, infection, cytokines, white cell profiles,
experimental infection.
Suenaga, Kensuke; Yokoyama, Yuichi; Nishimori, Isao; Sano, Shuichi; Morita,
Masanori; Okazaki, Kazuichi; Onishi, Saburo. Serum
antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in patients with Crohn's disease.
Digestive Diseases and Sciences. June, 1999; 44 (6): 1202-1207. ISSN:
0163-2116
NAL Call No.: 448.8 Am324
Descriptors: immunology, humans with Crohn’s disease, serum antibodies,
IgG, IgA, IgM, ELISA assay on sera, unique response to immune response to MAP
in patients with Crohn’s.
Valentin, Weigand Peter; Goethe, Ralph. Pathogenesis
of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infections in ruminants:
Still more questions than answers. Microbes and Infection. Nov.,
1999; 1 (13): 1121-1127. ISSN: 1286-4579 Note: A review.
NAL Call No.: QR180 M53
Descriptors: Johne’s disease, pathogenesis, chronic enteritis of
ruminants, biology of infection and host interaction are unknown.
Waters, W. R.; Stabel, J. R.; Sacco, R. E.; Harp, J. A.; Pesch, B. A.; Wannemuehler,
M. J. Antigen-specific B-cell unresponsiveness
induced by chronic Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection of
cattle. Infection and Immunity. April, 1999; 67 (4) 1593-1598.
ISSN: 0019-9567
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
Descriptors: cattle, Johne’s disease, description of progression
of disease from subclinical to clinical states, immunology associated with progression,
cell proliferation assay, flow cytometry, peripheral blood lymphocyte responses,
B cells, antigen stimulation.
Whittington, R. J.; Reddacliff, L.; Marsh, I.; Saunders, V. Detection
of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded
intestinal tissue by IS900 polymerase chain reaction. Australian Veterinary
Journal. June, 1999; 77 (6): 392-397. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: evaluation, comparison study, DNA extraction methods, formalin-fixed,
paraffin-embedded tissues, detection of Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis
by IS900 PCR, disease confirmation, ruminants, experimental laboratory study,
three DNA extraction methods used.
Whittington, R. J.; Marsh, I.; McAllister, S.; Turner, M. J.; Marshall, D.
J.; Fraser, C. A. Evaluation of modified BACTEC
12B radiometric medium and solid media for culture of Mycobacterium avium subsp.
paratuberculosis from sheep. Journal of Clinical Microbiology.
April, 1999; 37 (4) 1077-1083. ISSN: 0095-1137
NAL Call No.: QR46.J6
Descriptors: diagnosis, evaluate the culture of M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis,
sheep, modified BACTEC 12B radiometric medium, sensitivity of culture, histopathology,
evaluate a range of solid media.
Williams, Stephanie L.; Harris, N. Beth; Barletta, Raul G. Development
of a firefly luciferase-based assay for determining antimicrobial susceptibility
of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Journal of Clinical
Microbiology. Feb., 1999; 37 (2) 304-309. ISSN: 0095-1137
NAL Call No.: QR46.J6
Descriptors: evaluation of antimicrobial agents, M. paratuberculosis,
firefly luciferase-based assay, determining drug susceptibilities, amikacin,
clarithromycin, ethambutol, isoniazid, kanamycin, rifabutin, D-cycloserine,
suggested drug therapy combinations.
Zhao, Ben Yang; Czuprynski, Charles J.; Collins, Michael T. Intracellular
fate of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in monocytes from normal
and infected, interferon-responsive cows as determined by a radiometric method.
Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research. Jan., 1999; 63 (1) 56-61. ISSN:
0830-9000 Note: In English with English and French summaries.
NAL Call No.: SF601.C24
Descriptors: comparison study, bovine monocytes, normal and infected
cows, strong Th1-like cellular immune response to ingest and inhibit the intracellular
growth, radiometric (BACTEC) culture, standard plate counting, microscopic counting
of acid-fast stained monocyte monolayers.
Zimmer, K.; Drager, K.G.; Klawonn, W.; Hess, R.G. Contribution to the diagnosis
of Johne's disease in cattle. Comparative studies on the validity of Ziehl-Neelsen
staining, faecal culture and a commercially available DNA-probe test in detecting
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in faeces from cattle. J Vet Med, Ser-B.
Berlin : Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag. Mar 1999. v. 46 (2) p. 137-140. ISSN:
0931-1793
NAL call no: 41.8 Z52
Descriptors: cattle, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, feces, diagnosis,
paratuberculosis, experimental infection, diagnostic techniques, asymptomatic
infections.
Zimpernik, I.; Awad, Masalmeh M.; Baumgartner, W. M.
avium subspecies paratuberculosis strains isolated from ruminants in Austria.
Tieraerztliche Umschau. June 1, 1999; 54 (6): 335-338. ISSN: 0049-3864
Note: In German with English and German summaries.
NAL Call No.: 41.8 T445
Descriptors: pathogen survey, intestinal contents, intestines, lymph
nodes, cattle, sheep, ruminants, 10 base oligonucleotides, 5 different DNA fingerprints,
Austria.
Bartley, C. B.; Sweeney, M. T.; Plaunt, M. R. Growth
and detection of Mycobacteria paratuberculosis in the ESP Culture System II.
Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology.
1998; 98 507. ISSN: 1060-2011 Note: 98th General Meeting of the American Society
for Microbiology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, May 17-21, 1998.
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: bacterial culture, methodologies.
Begara, Mcgorum I.; Wildblood, L. A.; Clarke, C. J.; Connor, K. M.; Stevenson,
K.; McInnes, C. J.; Sharp, J. M.; Jones, D. G. Early
immunopathological events in experimental ovine paratuberculosis. Veterinary
Immunology and Immunopathology. May 29, 1998; 63 (3) 265-287. ISSN: 0165-2427
NAL Call No.: SF757.2.V38
Descriptors: sheep, experimental oral infection, less than 2 week old
lambs, neonatal, cervine isolate, Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis,
investigation of bacteriological, histopathological and immunological changes
up to 8 weeks of age, focal granuloma in Jejunal and ileal Peyer’s patches,
CD8+ and CD2+ lymphocyte numbers.
Bewley, J. Controlling Johne's disease in dairy
cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 1998; 81 (SUPPL. 1) 380. ISSN:
0022-0302 Note: Joint Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association and
the American Society of Animal Science, Denver, Colorado, USA, July 28-31, 1998
NAL Call No.: SF221 A4
Descriptors: dairy cattle, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, disease prevention
and control, management and husbandry systems.
Billard, Patrick; Dubow, Michael S. Bioluminescence-based
assays for detection and characterization of bacteria and chemicals in clinical
laboratories. Clinical Biochemistry. Feb., 1998; 31 (1) 1-14.
ISSN: 0009-9120
NAL Call No.: RB40.C6
Descriptors: application of bioluminescence, usefulness of bacterial
(lux) and eucaryotic (luc) luciferase genes, examples of value as "reporters"
of many endpoints, various enteric pathogenic organisms, Mycobacterium avium,
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Brooks, A. Quality of UK milk to be studied.
BMJ. Aug. 22, 1998; 317 (7157): 491. ISSN: 0959-8138
Descriptors: possible link between Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and
Crohn's disease, study on microbial content of milk, UK
Bull, T. J.; Tizard, M.; Martin, H.; Millar, D.; Doran, T.; Hermon, Taylor
J. The GS element in Mycobacterium avium ss.
paratuberculosis: A mycobacterial pathogenicity island. Abstracts
of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology. 1998; 98
509. ISSN: 1060-2011. Note: 98th General Meeting of the American Society for
Microbiology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, May 17-21, 1998.
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: virulence associated gene, GS element.
Burrells, C.; Clarke, C.J.; Colston, A.; Kay, J.M.; Porter, J.; Little, D.;
Sharp, J.M. A study of immunological responses of sheep clinically-affected
with paratuberculosis (Johne's disease). The relationship of blood, mesenteric
lymph node and intestinal lymphocyte responses to gross and microscopic pathology.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. Amsterdam : Elsevier. Dec 11, 1998. v.
66 (3/4) p. 343-358. ISSN: 0165-2427
SF757.2.V38
Descriptors: sheep, paratuberculosis, immune response, blood, lymph nodes,
intestines, lymphocytes, pathology, infections, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis,
bacterial proteins, feces, polymerase chain reaction, identification, Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum, Johne's
disease.
Choy, E.; Whittington, R. J.; Marsh, I.; Marshall, J.; Campbell, M. T. A
method for purification and characterisation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
from the intestinal mucosa of sheep with Johne's disease. Veterinary
Microbiology. Nov., 1998; 64 (1) 51-60. ISSN: 0378-1135
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Descriptors: methodology, purification, MAP, sheep intestinal mucosa,
multibacillary Johne's disease, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
analysis, epidemiology.
Coetsier, Christophe; Havaux, Xavier; Mattelard, Francois; Sadatte, Sanaa;
Cormont, Francoise; Buergelt, Klaus; Limbourg, Bernard; Latinne, Dominique;
Bazin, Herve; Denef, Jean Francois; Cocito, Carlo. Detection
of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in infected tissues by new species-specific
immunohistological procedures. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory
Immunology. July, 1998; 5 (4) 446-451. ISSN: 1071-412X
Descriptors: preparation of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, a362
recombinant polypeptide with B-cell epitopes, immunoglobins for histopathological
diagnosis, Johne's disease, more sensitive than Ziehl-Neelsen staining.
Ellingson, J. L. E.; Stabel, J. R.; Bishai, W. R.; Frothingham, R.; Miller,
J. M. Evaluation of the repeatability and accuracy
of a polymerase chain reaction method for identification of strains of the Mycobacterium
avium complex. Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society
for Microbiology. 1998; 98 360. ISSN: 1060-2011 Note: 98th General Meeting
of the American Society for Microbiology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, May 17-21,
1998.
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: cattle, humans, pigeons, primates, Mycobacterium avium,
Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, diagnosis.
Ellingson, Jay L. E.; Bolin, Carole A.; Stabel, Judith R. Identification
of a gene unique to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and application
to diagnosis of paratuberculosis. Molecular and Cellular Probes. June,
1998; 12 (3) 133-142. ISSN: 0890-8508
NAL Call No.: RB43.7.M63
Descriptors: etiology, hspX gene cloned and sequenced, species apecific
oligonucleotide synthesized, 5’terminus of mycobacterial recA gene, ovine,
bovine and human isolates, Mycobacterium avium ssp avium, M. paratuberculosis,
Mycobacterium avium ssp silvaticum, Mycobacterium intracellulare, dioligonucleotide
hybridization (dOH) analysis, possible assay method.
Ellis, T. M.; Norris, R. T.; Martin, P. A. J.; Casey, R. H.; Hawkins, C. D.
Evidence for freedom from Johne's disease in
cattle and goats in Western Australia. Australian Veterinary Journal.
Sept., 1998; 76 (9) 630-633. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: epidemiology, cattle, goats, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis,
Australia.
Ellis, T. M.; Carson, B. A.; Kalkhoven, M. J.; Martin, P. A. J. Specificity
of two absorbed ELISAs for surveys of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in cattle.
Australian Veterinary Journal. July, 1998; 76 (7) 497-499. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: methods, techniques, cattle, ELISA assay, survey of disease
levels.
Grant, Irene R. Does Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
survive current pasteurization conditions? Applied and Environmental
Microbiology. July, 1998; 64 (7) 2760-2761. ISSN: 0099-2240
NAL Call No.: 448.3 Ap5
Descriptors: milk processing, milk products, current pasteurization conditions,
bacterial survival.
Grant, Irene R.; Ball, H. J.; Rowe, M. T. Effect
of high-temperature, short-time (HTST) pasteurization on milk containing low
numbers of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Letters in Applied Microbiology.
Feb., 1998; 26 (2) 166-170. ISSN: 0266-8254
NAL Call No.: QR1.L47
Descriptors: pasteurization treatment of milk, 72 degreesC for 15s. raw
milk spiked with MAP at various levels, cultured, BACTEC Middlebrook 12B radiometric
medium, Herrold's egg yolk medium containing mycobactin J, IS900-based PCR,
detection of acid-fast survivors, effect of bacterial differing concentrations.
Grant, Irene R.; Ball, Hywel J.; Rowe, Michael T. Isolation
of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from milk by immunomagnetic separation.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Sept., 1998; 64 (9) 3153-3158.
ISSN: 0099-2240
NAL Call No.: 448.3 Ap5
Descriptors: milk, detection techniques, immunomagnetic separation technique,
possible rapid detection method.
Gupta, V. K.; Singh, N.; Shankar, H. ELISA
for detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis antibodies in goats.
Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. May, 1998; 68 (5) 462-463. ISSN: 0367-8318
NAL Call No.: 41.8 IN22
Descriptors: goats, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, diagnosis, antibody
testing method, ELISA.
Harboe, Morten; Wiker, Harald G.; Ulvund, Gunni; Lund, Pedersen Bent; Andersen,
Ase Bengard; Hewinson, R. Glyn; Nagai, Sadamu. MPB70
and MPB83 as indicators of protein localization in mycobacterial cells.
Infection and Immunity. Jan., 1998; 66 (1) 289-296. ISSN: 0019-9567
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
Descriptors: marker proteins, culture media, Mycobacterium bovis BCG,
Sauton medium, lysates, and sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
(SDS-PAGE), ELISA and Western blotting, MPB64 and proteins of the antigen 85
complex, 3 heat shock proteins, DNAK, GroEL, GroES, 2 peaks described.
Higgs, A. R. B.; Hawkins, C. D. Ovine Johne's
disease: The risk associated with sheep imported into Western Australia.
Australian Veterinary Journal. Aug., 1998; 76 (8) 546-550. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: risk assessment, sheep, importation concerns and screening,
stochastic simulation model, surveillance tests, source flocks, serological
tests on consigned sheep pre and post transport, Western Australia
Homuth, Matthias; Valentin, Wiegand, Peter; Rohde, M.; Gerlach, Gerald F. Identification
and characterization of a novel extracellular ferric reductase from Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis. Infection and Immunity. Feb., 1998; 66 (2) 710-716.
ISSN: 0019-9567
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
Descriptors: reductase enzyme isolation, mobilizes iron from ferric ammonium
citrate, ferritin, and transferrin by reduction of the metal, some properties
of the enzyme mentioned, amino acids, bacterial physiology.
Hulten, K.; Karttunen, T. J.; Naser, S. A.; El Zimaity, H. M. T.; Graham, D.
Y.; El Zaatari, F. A. K. In situ hybridization
technique for the detection of mycobacterial spheroplasts in paraffin embedded
tissue sections. Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American
Society for Microbiology. 1998; 98 360. ISSN: 1060-2011 Note: 98th General
Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, May
17-21, 1998.
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: diagnosis and detection methods, cattle, tissue assay, cell
wall deficient pathogen, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
International Embryo Transfer Society. Conclusions
of the Research Subcommittee of the International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS)
Import/Export Committee. Revue Scientifique et Technique Office International
des Epizooties. Dec., 1998; 17 (3) 839. ISSN: 0253-1933
NAL Call No.: SF781.R4
Descriptors: issues of disease transfer, embryos, list of pathogens,
cattle, goats, sheep, swine, etc.
Keswani, J.; Frank, J. F. Thermal inactivation
of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in milk. Journal of Food Protection.
Aug., 1998; 61 (8) 974-978. ISSN: 0362-028X
NAL Call No.: 44.8 J824
Descriptors: milk, treatment, ultra-high temperature milk treatment,
3 strains, submerged glass capillary tube method, clumped and declumped suspensions.
Mainar, Jaime Raul C.; Vazquez, Boland Jose A. Factors
associated with seroprevalence to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in small-ruminant
farms in the Madrid region (Spain). Preventive Veterinary Medicine.
March 27, 1998; 34 (4) 317-327. ISSN: 0167-5877
NAL Call No.: SF601.P7
Descriptors: sheep, goats, 60 flocks, farm factors and management affecting
infection levels, questionnaires, seroprevalence with agar-gel immunodiffusion
assay, herd size, foreign breeds and crosses, replacement rate, membership in
a professional livestock organization.
Manning, Elizabeth J. B.; Steinberg, Howard; Rossow, Kurt; Ruth, George R.;
Collins, Michael T. Epizootic of paratuberculosis
in farmed elk. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.
Nov. 1, 1998; 213 (9) 1320-1322. ISSN: 0003-1488
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: elk, description of the John’s type disease, diagnostic
techniques, production management and disease control suggestions.
May, B.; Fetrow, J.; Kapur, V.; Tune, K. The
use of TaqMan as a technique to detect Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis.
Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology.
1998; 98 181. ISSN: 1060-2011 Note: 98th General Meeting of the American Society
for Microbiology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, May 17-21, 1998.
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: diagnosis and detection methods, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
Naser, Saleh A.; Gillespie, Robert F.; Naser, Najih A.; El Zaatari, Foaud A.
K. Effect of IS900 gene of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
on Mycobacterium smegmatis. Current Microbiology. Dec., 1998;
37 (6) 373-379. ISSN: 0343-8651
NAL Call No.: QR1.C78
Descriptors: IS900 gene and/or its encoding products, involvement in
mycobactin dependency, possible explanation for the slow growth rate, M. paratuberculosis.
Rahn, K.; Shin, S.; Wilson, J.; Johnson, R. P.; Alves, D.; McNab, B.; Lachowski,
W.; Odumeru, J.; Spika, J. Milk as a potential
source of human exposure to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Abstracts
of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology. 1998; 98
504. ISSN: 1060-2011 Note: 98th General Meeting of the American Society for
Microbiology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, May 17-21, 1998.
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: milk, human health risks, zoonotic potential of Mycobacterium.
Silbaq, Fauzi S.; Cho, Sang Nae; Cole, Stewart T.; Brennan, Patrick J. Characterization
of a 34-kilodalton protein of Mycobacterium leprae that is isologous to the
immunodominant 34-kilodalton antigen of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
Infection and Immunity. Nov., 1998; 66 (11) 5576-5579. ISSN: 0019-9567
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
Descriptors: gene homology, proteins, description of some characteristics.
Stabel, J. R.; Goff, J. P.; Ackermann, Mark R. Dietary
calcium modulates Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in beige mice.
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. Dec. 11, 1998; 66 (3-4) 377-390.
ISSN: 0165-2427
NAL Call No.: SF757.2.V38
Descriptors: mouse model, laboratory experiment, differing levels of
dietary calcium and effects on infection persistence, 0.02% Ca, 0.15% Ca, 0.45%
Ca, 1.0% Ca.
Stabel, J. R. Johne's disease: A hidden threat.
Journal of Dairy Science. Jan., 1998; 81 (1) 283-288. ISSN: 0022-0302
NAL Call No.: 44.8 J822
Descriptors: cattle, discussion of the signs and symptoms of the disease,
difficulties of diagnosis, possible zoonotic agent in Crohn’s disease,
assay concerns, food born illness, dairy products.
Stabel, J. R.; Steadham, E. Survival of intracellular
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis after pasteurization of raw milk. Journal
of Dairy Science. 1998; 81 (SUPPL. 1) 42. ISSN: 0022-0302 Note: Joint Meeting
of the American Dairy Science Association and the American Society of Animal
Science, Denver, Colorado, USA, July 28-31, 1998.
NAL Call No.: SF221 A4
Descriptors: cattle, milk, intracellular survival.
Stabel, J. R. Temporal Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
infection in T-cell receptor deficient mice. FASEB Journal. March
17, 1998; 12 (4) A569. ISSN: 0892-6638 Note: Annual Meeting of the Professional
Research Scientists on Experimental Biology 98, Part 1, San Francisco, California,
USA, April 18-22, 1998.
NAL Call No.: QH301.F3
Descriptors: molecular genetic, C57BL/6 mouse model, T cell receptor
deficient host, Mycobacterium, strains 19698 and Ben, infection, pathogenesis.
Sung, Nackmoon; Collins, Michael T. Thermal
tolerance of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Applied and Environmental
Microbiology. March, 1998; 64 (3) 999-1005. ISSN: 0099-2240
NAL Call No.: 448.3 Ap5
Descriptors: heat tolerance; human and bovine strains Dominic, Ben, BO45,
ATCC 19698; in vitro; 4 temperatures: 62, 65, 68, and 71degree C; thermal death
curves, clumped and singe cells, cell concentrations of clinical M. paratuberculosis
strains in milk were 228.8, 47.8, and 21.8 s, respectively, Z value (the temperature
required for the decimal reduction time to traverse 1 log cycle).
Sweeney, Raymond W.; Jones, Douglas E.; Habecker, Perry; Scott, Phillip. Interferon-gamma
and interleukin 4 gene expression in cows infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
American Journal of Veterinary Research. July, 1998; 59 (7) 842-847.
ISSN: 0002-9645
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Am3A
Descriptors: cattle, clinical progression factors, cytokine gene expression
in affected tissues, Holstein cows, post slaughter sampling of ileum, cecal
lympth nodes, reverse transcriptase-competitive polymerase chain reaction assay
for mRNA expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4.
Tizard, Mark; Bull, Tim; Millar, Douglas; Doran, Tim; Martin, Helene; Sumar,
Nazira; Ford, Jon; Hermon, Taylor John. A low
G+C content genetic island in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and
M. avium subsp. silvaticum with homologous genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Microbiology Reading. Dec., 1998; 144 (12) 3413-3423. ISSN: 1350-0872
NAL Call No.: QR1.J64
Descriptors: gene specificity, detection, differential analysis, enteric
pathogens, characterization.
Vannuffel, P.; Coetsier, C.; Bouyer, M.; Philippe, M.; Gala, J. L. P34
and F57 based-multiplex PCR assay for discrimination between tuberculous and
nontuberculous mycobacteria. Abstracts of the Interscience Conference
on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1998; 38: 158. Note: 38th Interscience
Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Diego, California,
USA, September 24-27, 1998
Descriptors: assay technique, humans, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium
bovis, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium-tuberculosis, F57 and P34
analysis antigenic proteins.
Whittington, R.; Marsh, I.; Choy, E.; Cousins, D. Polymorphisms
in IS1311, an insertion sequence common to Mycobacterium avium and M. avium
subsp. paratuberculosis, can be used to distinguish between and within these
species. Molecular and Cellular Probes. Dec., 1998; 12 (6) 349-358
ISSN: 0890-8508
NAL Call No.: RB43.7.M63
Descriptors: IS1311 insertion sequence, use as a probe, sheep, cattle
strains, species evolution.
Whittington, R. J.; Marsh, I; Turner, M. J.; McAllister, S.; Choy, E.; Eamens,
G. J.; Marshall, D. J.; Ottaway, S. Rapid detection
of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in clinical samples from ruminants and in
spiked environmental samples by modified BACTEC 12B radiometric culture and
direct confirmation by IS900 PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology.
March, 1998; 36 (3) 701-707. ISSN: 0095-1137
NAL Call No.: QR46.J6
Descriptors: cattle, sheep, goats, radiometric culture medium BACTEC
12B with PANTA PLUS, mycobactin J, and egg yolk; detection of Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis; feces; mesenteric lymph nodes; intestinal walls; cattle; sheep;
goats, IS900 PCR in the primary cultures, methodology, spiked soil and pasture
samples, sensitivity, Herrold's egg yolk medium, PCR.
Alzuherri, H. M.; Little, D.; Clarke, C. J. Altered
intestinal macrophage phenotype in ovine paratuberculosis. Research
in Veterinary Science. Sept.-Oct., 1997; 63 (2) 139-143. ISSN: 0034-5288
NAL Call No.: 41.8 R312
Descriptors: Scottish back-faced ewes, sheep, Johne’s disease,
immunohistological studies, intestinal macrophages, diseased sheep expressed
MHC class II, LFA-1 and CR4 antigens weakly, comparison with normal tissues,
reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, MHC class II MRNA,
intestinal whole tissue samples, no significant difference between control and
diseased groups, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis.
Bannantine, John P.; Barletta, Raul G.; Thoen, Charles O.; Andrews, Robert
E. Jr. Identification of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
gene expression signals. Microbiology Reading. 1997; 143 (3) 921-928.
ISSN: 1350-0872
NAL Call No.: QR1.J64
Descriptors: DNA library constructed in the transcriptional-translational
fusion vector pYUB76, eight clones were sequenced and characterized further.
Bassey, Effiong O. E.; Collins, Michael T. Study
of T-lymphocyte subsets to healthy and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected
cattle. Infection and Immunity. 1997; 65 (11) 4869-4872. ISSN:
0019-9567
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
Descriptors: cattle, Johne’s disease, host immune defenses, T-lymphocyte
contribution to defense, lymphoproliferation and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)
production was measured in response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and an M. avium
antigen preparation (A-PPD), correlation between proliferation and IFN-gamma
production in response to A-PPD but not to PHA.
Begara, Mcgorum Isabel M.; Wildblood, Louise A.; Jones, Douglas G. Early
immune events following experimental infection of lambs with Mycobacterium avium
subspecies paratuberculosis. Biochemical Society Transactions.
1997; 25 (2) 279S. ISSN: 0300-5127
Note: 660th Meeting of the Biochemical Society, Joint Congress with the British
Society for Immunology, Harrogate, England, UK, December 10-13, 1996.
NAL Call No.: QD415.A1B58
Descriptors: sheep, lambs, progression of the disease in the immune system,
experimental infection study, Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis.
Clarke, C. J. Paratuberculosis and molecular
biology. Veterinary Journal. 1997; 153 (3) 245-247. ISSN: 1090-0233
NAL Call No.: SF601 V484
Descriptors: biochemistry, molecular, genetics, immunity, pathology,
Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis.
Collins, Michael T. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis:
A potential food-borne pathogen? Journal of Dairy Science. Dec.,
1997; 80 (12) 3445-3448. ISSN: 0022-0302
NAL Call No.: 44.8 J822
Descriptors: Johne’s disease, raw bovine based products, human
health risks, review of literature on thermal resistance of bacteria.
Cook, W. E.; Cornish, T. E.; Shideler, S.; Lasley, B.; Collins, M. T. Radiometric
culture of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis from the feces of tule elk.
Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 1997; 33 (3) 635-637. ISSN: 0090-3558
NAL Call No.: 41.9 W64B
Descriptors: tule elk, Cervus elaphus nannodes, Point Reyes National
Seashore, CA, detection/incidence of Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis,
fecal samples, cultured on modified BACTEC 12B radiometric medium, positive
results in 2 groups of elk, non-invasive technique for wildlife Mycobacterium
monitoring.
Davies, H. L. Ovine Johne's disease.
Australian Veterinary Journal. Nov., 1997; 75 (11) 799. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: sheep, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis, human health
risks, food contaminant, Australlia.
De Lisle, G. W. Can Johne's disease be eradicated
from sheep in Australia? Australian Veterinary Journal. 1997;
75 (5) 336. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: sheep disease, Johne’s, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis,
control and eradication.
Doran, Tim; Tizard, Mark; Millar, Douglas; Ford, Jon; Sumar, Nazira; Loughlin,
Mark; Hermon, Taylor John. IS900 targets translation
initiation signals in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to facilitate
expression of its hed gene. Microbiology Reading. 1997; 143 (2)
547-552. ISSN: 1350-0872
NAL Call No.: QR1.J64
Descriptors: microbial genetics, IS900 insertion sites, unique targeting
process.
Durham, P. J. K.; Paine, G. D. Serological
survey for antibodies to infectious agents in beef cattle in northern South
Australia. Australian Veterinary Journal. 1997; 75 (2) 139-140.
ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: cattle, disease incidence, survey, blood sera, pathogens,
Chlamydia, Coxiella burnetii Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Australia.
El Zaatari, Fouad A. K.; Naser, Saleh A.; Graham, David Y. Characterization
of a specific Mycobacterium paratuberculosis recombinant clone expressing 35,000-molecular-weight
antigen and reactivity with sera from animals with clinical and subclinical
Johne's disease. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1997; 35 (7)
1794-1799. ISSN: 0095-1137
NAL Call No.: QR46.J6
Descriptors: cattle, sheep, goats, recombinant clone expressing a 35,000
molecular weight Mycobacterium paratuberculosis antigen (p35 antigen), constructed
expression library of M. paratuberculosis in Escherichia coli, immunoblotting,
possible diagnostic method for serodiagnosis of all ages of animals.
Ellingson, J. L. E.; Bolin, C. A.; Stabel, J. R. Identification
of a new genetic element unique to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and application
to diagnosis of paratuberculosis. Abstracts of the General Meeting
of the American Society for Microbiology. 1997; 97 (0) 550. ISSN: 1060-2011
Note: 97th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Miami Beach,
Florida, USA, May 4-8, 1997.
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: genetics, specificity, cattle strain, possible diagnostic
test, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
Feizabadi, M. M.; Robertson, I. D.; Hope, A.; Cousins, D. V.; Hampson, D. J.
Differentiation of Australian isolates of Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Australian Veterinary
Journal. Dec., 1997; 75 (12) 887-889. ISSN: 0005-0423
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Au72
Descriptors: strain variations, pulsed field gel electrophoresis, typing
technique, 35 Australian isolates and 1 UK reference strain, banding patterns
from endonuclease digested material, 2 groupings, strain transmission studies,
Australia.
Feizabadi, Mohammad M.; Robertson, Ian D.; Cousins, Debby V.; Dawson, David
J.; Hampson, David J. Use of multilocus enzyme
electrophoresis to examine genetic relationships amongst isolates of Mycobacterium
intracellulare and related species. Microbiology Reading. 1997;
143 (4) 1461-1469. ISSN: 1350-0872
NAL Call No.: QR1.J64
Descriptors: diversity and distribution of Mycobacterium spp., Australia,
genetic relationships at 17 enzyme loci amongst a collection of reference strains
and isolates, initially identified M. intracellulare ,'X' mycobacteria, M. scrofulaceum,
M. avium, M. avium ssp. Paratuberculosis,
difficulties in differentiation.
Felix, J. L.; Huang, L.; Walsh, A. F.; Safranek, B. W.; Naser, N. A.; Naser,
S. A. PCR detection of the IS900 gene is Mycobacterium
avium strains isolated from HIV patients. Abstracts of the General
Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology. 1997; 97 (0) 553. ISSN:
1060-2011
Note: 97th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Miami
Beach, Florida, USA, May 4-8, 1997.
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: PCR, genetics, IS900 gene detection methods, humans.
Francois, B.; Krishnamoorthy, R.; Elion, J. Comparative
study of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis strains isolated from Crohn's disease
and Johne's disease using restriction fragment length polymorphism and arbitrarily
primed polymerase chain reaction. Epidemiology and Infection.
1997; 118 (3) 227-233. ISSN: 0950-2688
NAL Call No.: RA651.A1E74
Descriptors: pathogenicity mechanisms study, Crohn’s disease, Johne’s
disease, human, sheep and cattle strains, DNA, RFLP, IS900, arbitrarily primed
polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR).
Gormley, Eamonn; Sandall, Laurie; Hong, Cai; Lawton, David; Murray, Alan. Identification
and differentiation of mycobacteria using the P-AN promoter sequence from Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis as a DNA probe. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 1997;
147 (1) 63-68. ISSN: 0378-1097
NAL Call No.: QR1.F44
Descriptors: 165 bp DNA fragment containing the P AN promoter from Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis, probe in Southern blots, detection of related sequences in
other species of mycobacteria.
Gupta, V. K.; Singh, Nem; Singh, S. V.; Shankar, Hari. Adoption
of M. paratuberculosis (isolated from goat and sheep) into liquid medium from
solid medium. Indian Veterinary Medical Journal. 1997; 21 (1)
14-17. ISSN: 0250-5266
Descriptors: goat and sheep isolates, Herrold's egg yolk medium with
mycobactin J, modified Watson & Raid liquid medium, aeration requirement,
2 pH levels, limited success in liquid medium.
Gwozdz, J. M.; Reichel, M. P.; Murray, A.; Manktelow, W.; West, D. M.; Thompson,
K. G. Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp.
paratuberculosis in ovine tissues and blood by the polymerase chain reaction.
Veterinary Microbiology. 1997; 57 (2-3) 233-244. ISSN: 0378-1135
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Descriptors: 12 ewes sheep, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, DNA
extractions, blood, liver, ileocecal lymph node, ileum, assay comparison study,
serological tests: complement fixation test (CFT); gel diffusion test (AGID);
two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).
Holsinger, V. H.; Rajkowski, K. T.; Stabel, J. R. Milk
pasteurisation and safety: A brief history and update. Revue Scientifique
et Technique Office International des Epizooties. Aug., 1997; 16 (2) 441-451.
ISSN: 0253-1933 Note: In English with English; French; and Spanish summaries.
NAL Call No.: SF781.R4
Descriptors: food safety, milk processing, efficiency of current pasteurization
methods in regard to pathogens, Mycobacteria paratuberculosis, Listeria monocytogenes,
Escherichia coli, O257:H7. Bacillus cereus endospores.
Huang, L.; Naser, N. A.; Naser, S. A. Cloning
of a Mycobacterium paratuberculosis 32K-encoding gene: A possible fibronectin
attachment protein-encoding gene. Abstracts of the General Meeting
of the American Society for Microbiology. 1997; 97 (0) 561. ISSN: 1060-2011
Note: 97th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Miami
Beach, Florida, USA, May 4-8, 1997.
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: genetics, cloning of specific genes, fibronectin, proteins.
Hveem, Eli. Importation of cattle: An evaluation
of the risk of the importation and spread of paratuberculosis infections.
Norsk Veterinaertidsskrift. 1997; 109 (11) 669-671. ISSN: 0332-5741 Note:
In Norwegian.
Descriptors: epidemiology, cattle, disease introduction risks, Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis.
Hwang, Eui Kyung; Jean, Young Hwa; Son, Hyun Joo; Moon, Oun Kyong; Kim, Jae
Hoon; Bae, You Chan; Park, Jung Won; Choi, Sang Ho; Yoon, Sang Bo. A
case report of Johne's disease in a Korean native cow. RDA Journal
of Veterinary Science. Dec., 1997; 39 (2) 33-41. ISSN: 1226-5675 Note: In
Korean with Korean and English summaries.
NAL Call No.: SF604 R33
Descriptors: Korean native cow, case study, Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis,
necropsy, classical clinical signs, gross and histopathologic lesions, results
of the acid-fast tissue staining, immunohistochemical staining and electron
microscopy.
Jark, Uwe; Ringena, Ibeling; Franz, Beate; Gerlach, Gerald F.; Beyerbach, Martin;
Franz, Burkart. Development of an ELISA technique
for serodiagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis. Veterinary Microbiology.
1997; 57 (2-3) 189-198. ISSN: 0378-1135
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Descriptors: Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis isolate, large-scale
culture, efficient preparation of a lipoarabinomannan-containing antigen was
developed and standardized, ileocaecal lymphnodes cultured to isolate viable
M. paratuberculosis ELISA.
Johnson, Ifearulundu Yvette J.; Kaneene, John B. Relationship
between soil types and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Journal of
the American Veterinary Medical Association. 1997; 210 (12) 1735-1740. ISSN:
0003-1488
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Am3
Descriptors: cattle, soils-Mycobacterium relationship.
Klausen, J.; Perez, V.; Giese, S. B.; Garcia, Marin J. F.; Ahrens, P. Immunological
detection of sheep experimentally infected with strains of Mycobacterium avium
subspecies containing insertion sequence IS901/IS902 and a 40 kDa protein.
Veterinary Microbiology. 1997; 57 (2-3) 181-187. ISSN: 0378-1135
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Descriptors: monoclonal antibody, 40 kDa protein, M. avium strains (IS901/IS902
positive), developed a blocking ELISA, experimentally infected sheep sera, diagnostic
value, indirect ELISA, AGID and blocking ELISA compared.
Mason, O.; Rowe, M. T.; Ball, H. J. Is Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis a possible agent in Crohn's disease? Implications for the dairy
industry. Milchwissenschaft. 1997; 52 (6) 311-316. ISSN: 0026-3788
Note: In English with summaries in English and German.
NAL Call No.: 44.8 M5933
Descriptors: dairy products, milk, ice cream, cheese, human health risks,
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis contamined milk, possible zoonotic agent, potential
impacts on dairy industry, recommendations for future research.
McDowell, R. M.; McElvaine, M. D. Long-term
sequelae to foodborne disease. Revue Scientifique et Technique Office
International des Epizooties. Aug., 1997; 16 (2) 337-341. ISSN: 0253-1933
Note: In English with English; French; and Spanish summaries.
NAL Call No.: SF781.R4
Descriptors: possible relationship between Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
and Crohn’s disease, descriptions of syndromes, epidemiology, economic
information, reduction in food borne diseases.
Morgan, K. L.; Cetinkaya, B.; Egan, K. Johne's
and Crohn's: Inflammatory bowel diseases with a similar aetiology? In
Society for veterinary epidemiology and preventive medicine. Edited by
Goodall, E. A.; Thrusfield, M. V. Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive
Medicine, England, UK; 1997, 47-56. ISBN: 0948073292 Note: From a meeting held
in Chester, England, UK, April 9-11, 1997.
Descriptors: intestinal diseases, humans, cattle, sheep, Mycobacteriaum
paratuberculosis, possible cause of Crohn’s disease.
Mulder, M. A.; Zappe, H.; Steyn, L. M. Characterization
of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis katG promoter and regulation of expression.
Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology. 1997;
97 (0) 566. ISSN: 1060-2011 Note: 97th General Meeting of the American Society
for Microbiology, Miami Beach, Florida, USA, May 4-8, 1997.
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: genetics, promoter, physiology, bacterial genetics, Escherichia
coli, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium
tuberculosis.
Mutharia, L. M.; Moreno, W.; Raymond, M. Analysis
of culture filtrate and cell wall-associated antigens of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
with monoclonal antibodies. Infection and Immunity. 1997; 65 (2)
387-394. ISSN: 0019-9567
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
Descriptors: specific antigens, release of antigens and distribubion
of specific epitopes in Mybacterium species, immunoblot analysis, monoclonial
antibodies, Mab B6A.
Obasanjo, Iyabo O.; Grohn, Yrjo T.; Mohammed, Hussni O. Firm
factors associated with the presence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection
in dairy herds on the New York State Paratuberculosis Control Program.
Preventive Veterinary Medicine. Oct., 1997; 32 (3-4) 243-251. ISSN: 0167-5877
NAL Call No.: SF601.P7
Descriptors: extensive questionnaire, data from 33 herds, New York State
Paratuberculosis Control Program, farm factors MAP infection in dairy herds,
31 continuous and 67 categorical risk factors, univariable logistic regression,
10 factors: the type of farm operation (commercial/registered or both); earlier
diagnosis of the disease before entering the control program; number of clinical
cases in the previous year; clinical cases farm or purchased animals; typical
signs in clinical cases; fecal exposure of calves 0-6 weeks of age; contact
with adult animal feces due to shared cleaning equipment, spreading feces on
fields that contaminated forage; treatment and handling of those suspected of
having Johne’s; frequency of barn cleaning, New York State.
Onet, George E. Current paratuberculosis diagnosis
in cattle. Large Animal Practice. July-Aug., 1997; 18 (4) 18-22.
ISSN: 1092-7603
NAL Call No.: SF601 B6
Descriptors: diagnosis, methods, cattle, Mycobacteria, issues, concerns
regarding testing methods.
Pell, Alice N. Manure and microbes: Public
and animal health problem? Journal of Dairy Science. Oct., 1997;
80 (10) 2673-2681. ISSN: 0022-0302
NAL Call No.: 44.8 J822
Descriptors: microbial contamination in the environment, waste management,
human health risks,
control and remediation, pathogen contaminants, Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, enteric viruses, clinical symptoms, control methods, recommendations for control.
Perez, V.; Tellechea, J.; Badiola, J. J.; Gutierrez, M.; Garcia, Martin J.
F. Relation between serologic response and pathologic
findings in sheep with naturally acquired paratuberculosis. American
Journal of Veterinary Research. 1997; 58 (8) 799-803. ISSN: 0002-9645
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Am3A
Descriptors: 134 adult sheep, culled for illness, tested blood, sera
testing, correlations between lesions and serologic response, sheep, natural
infection, intestinal lesions, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, efficacy of agar
gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and ELISA as diagnostic tests.
Rainsford, K. D. Emerging research in gastrointestinal
diseases. In Cell injury and protection in the gastrointestinal tract:
From basic sciences to clinical perspectives 1996. Edited by Mozsik, G.;
Nagy, L.; Par, A.; Rainsford, K. D. : Eds Kluwer Academic Publishers, AZ Dordrecht,
Netherlands; Kluwer Academic Publishers, MA 1997; 1-7. ISBN: 0792387201 Note:
Fourth International Symposium, Pecs, Hungary, October 8-11, 1995.
Descriptors: Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, research.
Reichelderfer, M.; Cherney, T. M.; Chicks, D. S.; Harms, B. A.; Manning, E.
B.; Collins, M. T. Seroprevalence of mycobacterium
paratuberculosis (Mptb) antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients
and two populations at risk of exposure to this pathogen. Gastroenterology.
1997; 112 (4 SUPPL. ) A1069. ISSN: 0016-5085 Note: Digestive Disease Week and
the 97th Annual Meeting of the American Gastroenterological Association, Washington,
D.C., USA, May 11-14, 1997.
NAL Call No.: RC799.G37
Descriptors: possible zoonotic bacteria, pathology.
Rowe, Michael T.; Fearon, Anna M.; Johnston, Donald E.; Early, John. Dairy
research in the Food Science Division, Belfast. International Journal
of Dairy Technology. May, 1997; 50 (2) 61-63. ISSN: 1364-727X
NAL Call No.: SF221.I58
Descriptors: dairy related, heat resistance of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis,
Escherichia coli, raw milk, shelf life of pasteurized milk, high pressure processing
of dairy products, Ireland
Scheibl, Peter; Gerlach, Gerald F. Differentiation
of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis isolates by rDNA-spacer analysis and random
amplified polymorphic DNA patterns. Veterinary Microbiology. 1997;
57 (2-3) 151-158. ISSN: 0378-1135
NAL Call No.: SF601.V44
Descriptors: strain identification, methods, molecular techniques, 16
isolates, nucleotide sequence analysis of rDNA-spacer, random amplified polymorphic
DNA (RAPD) analysis using decamer primers with GC contents of 60 to 70%, evaluation
of assay, potential use as a method to differentiate strains.
Secott, T. E.; Ohme, A. M.; Barton, K. S.; Rommel, F. A. Comparison
of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis detection methods: Standard culture vs. accelerated
culture. Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American Society
for Microbiology. 1997; 97 (0) 550-551. ISSN: 1060-2011 Note: 97th General
Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Miami Beach, Florida, USA,
May 4-8, 1997.
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: detection methods comparison, cattle strains.
Stabel, J. R.; Steadham, E.; Bolin, C. A. Heat
inactivation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in raw milk by the holder test-tube
method and laboratory-scale pasteurizer method. Abstracts of the General
Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology. 1997; 97 (0) 183. ISSN:
1060-2011 Note: 97th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology,
Miami Beach, Florida, USA, May 4-8, 1997.
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: raw milk, in vitro study, heat tolerance, survival after
various pasteurization treatments.
Stabel, J. R.; Steadham, E. M.; Bolin, C. A. Heat
inactivation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in raw milk: Are current pasteurization
conditions effective? Applied and Environmental Microbiology.
Dec., 1997; 63 (12) 4975-4977. ISSN: 0099-2240
NAL Call No.: 448.3 Ap5
Descriptors: current commercial pasteurization methods, contaminated
raw milk, in vitro experiments, pasteurization regimes, viability, 65, 72, 74,
or 76degree C, 0 to 30 min, 72 degrees, was effective.
Stabel, J. R. Johne's disease: A hidden threat.
Journal of Animal Science. 1997; 75 (SUPPL. 1) 48. ISSN: 0021-8812 Note:
89th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Animal Science, Midwestern Section.
NAL Call No.: 49 J82
Descriptors: cattle, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Johne's disease,
economic impact, animal health protection and safety, possible zoonotic disease.
Staerk, K. D. C.; Frei, Staeheli C.; Frei, P. P.; Pfeiffer, D. U.; Danuser,
J.; Audige, L.; Nicolet, J.; Strasser, M.; Gottstein, B.; Kihm, U. Incidence
and costs of health problems in Swiss dairy cattle and their calves (1993-1994).
Schweizer Archiv fuer Tierheilkunde. 1997; 139 (8) 343-353. ISSN: 0036-7281
Note: In German with German; English; French; and Italian summaries.
NAL Call No.: 41.8 SCH9
Descriptors: dairy cattle; 13 dairy herds; blood and feces collected;
pathogenicity; pathogens identified included: Leptospira hardjo, Coxiella burnetii,
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
Steele, Marina L.; McNab, W. Bruce; Poppe, Case; Griffiths, Mansel W.; Chen,
Shu; Degrandis, Stephanie A.; Fruhner, Lynne C.; Larkin, Carolyn A.; Lynch,
John A.; Odumeru, Joseph A. Survey of Ontario
bulk tank raw milk for food-borne pathogens. Journal of Food Protection.
Nov., 1997; 60 (11) 1341-1346. ISSN: 0362-028X
NAL Call No.: 44.8 J824
Descriptors: proportion, raw milk, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella
spp., Campylobacter spp., and/or verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC), 1,720
pick ups, food borne pathogens, Ontario, CA.
Stevenson, K.; Sharp, J. M. The contribution
of molecular biology to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis research.
Veterinary Journal. 1997; 153 (3) 269-286. ISSN: 1090-0233
NAL Call No.: SF601 V484
Descriptors: discussion of research into molecular aspects of the bacteria.
Stitt, D. T.; Sturm, K. M. Preliminary growth
requirements of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in the BBL MGIT mycobacteria
growth indicator tube. Abstracts of the General Meeting of the American
Society for Microbiology. 1997; 97 (0) 570. ISSN: 1060-2011
Note: 97th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Miami
Beach, Florida, USA, May 4-8, 1997.
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: methodologies, physiology, growth factors.
Sung, N.; Collins, M. T. Heat resistance of
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Abstracts of the General Meeting of
the American Society for Microbiology. 1997; 97 (0) 443. ISSN: 1060-2011
Note: 97th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Miami
Beach, Florida, USA, May 4-8, 1997.
NAL Call No.: QR1.A5
Descriptors: bacterial characteristics, heat tolerance.
Thorne, J. G.; Hardin, L. E. Estimated prevalence
of paratuberculosis in Missouri, USA cattle. Preventive Veterinary Medicine.
1997; 31 (1-2) 51-57. ISSN: 0167-5877
NAL Call No.: SF601.P7
Descriptors: disease incidence, cattle, 89 herds, seroprevalance of Mycobacterium
paratuberculosism absorbed ELISA for detection of antibodies.
Valente, C.; Cuteri, V.; Giandomenico, R. Quondam; Gialletti, L.; Franciosini,
M. P. Use of an experimental chicks model for
paratuberculosis enteritis (Johne's disease). Veterinary Research
Paris. 1997; 28 (3) 239-246. ISSN: 0928-4249 Note: In English with summaries
in English and French.
NAL Call No.: SF602 A5
Descriptors: animal disease model, conventional chicks immunodepressed
by a Cyclophosphamide injection and concurrent inoculation of Infectious Bursal
Disease Virus (IBDV), experimental infection, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis,
4 month study, shedding of bacteria, intestinal lesions,
aggregation of macrophages with monocytes and lymphocytes, no diarrhea, possible useful model to study the disease.
Zhao, Benyang; Collins, Michael T.; Czuprynski, Charles J. Effects
of gamma interferon and nitric oxide on the interaction of Mycobacterium avium
subsp. paratuberculosis with bovine monocytes. Infection and Immunity.
1997; 65 (5) 1761-1766. ISSN: 0019-9567
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
Descriptors: cattle, while blood cells, recombinant bovine gamma interferon
(rIFN-gamma), NO, interaction of M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis.
Begara, Mcgorum I.; Wildblood, L.; Jones, D. G. Early
immune events following experimental infection of lambs with Mycobacterium avium
subspecies paratuberculosis. Immunology. 1996; 89 (SUPPL. 1) 65.
ISSN: 0019-2805 Note: Joint Congress of the British Society for Immunology and
the Biochemical Society, Harrogate, England, UK, December 10-13, 1996.
NAL Call No.: 448.3 Im6 Suppl.
Descriptors: lamb, sheep, immunity.
Clarke, C. J.; Colston, A.; Little, D.; Kay, J.; Alzuherri, H. M.; Sharp, J.
M.; Burrells, C. The immune response in paratuberculosis
infection of small ruminants. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology.
1996; 54 (1-4) 321. ISSN: 0165-2427 Note: Fourth International Veterinary Immunology
Symposium, Davis, California, USA, July 1995.
NAL Call No.: SF757.2.V38
Descriptors: goat, sheep, immune system responses.
Grgic, Z.; Vidic, Branka; Lazic, S.; Stojanov, I. Paratuberculosis
(Johne's disease). Veterinarski Glasnik. 1996; 50 (7-8) 481-490.
ISSN: 0350-2457 Note: In Serbo-Croatian with English and Russian summaries.
NAL Call No.: 41.8 J93
Descriptors: disease description, distribution, diagnostic methods mentioned,
prevention and control measures.
Gupta, V. K.; Singh, Nem; Singh, S. V.; Shankar, Hari. Faecal
microscopic examination: A tool for diagnosis of Johne's disease in small ruminants.
Indian Veterinary Medical Journal. 1996; 20 (3) 213-214. ISSN: 0250-5266
Descriptors: goats, fecal examination, diagnostic methods.
Meylan, Mireille; Rings, D. Michael; Shulaw, William P.; Kowalski, Joseph J.;
Bech, Nielsen Steen; Hoffsis, Glen F. Survival
of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and preservation of immunoglobulin G in bovine
colostrum under experimental conditions simulating pasteurization. American
Journal of Veterinary Research. 1996; 57 (11) 1580-1585. ISSN: 0002-9645
NAL Call No.: 41.8 Am3A
Descriptors: survival of bacteria in pasteurized colostrum, effect on
IgG concentration in colostrum, pasteurization temperatures (63 C) for 30 minutes
and approximately 20 to 23 C.
cultured in Herrold's egg yolk medium with and without mycobactin J), did not kill all bacteria.
Neutra, Marian R.; Kraehenbuhl, Jean Pierre. Antigen
uptake by M cells for effective mucosal vaccines. Edited by Kiyono, H.;
Ogra, P. L.; McGhee, J. R. Mucosal vaccines. Academic Press, Inc., CA;
Academic Press Ltd., England, UK. 1996, 41-55. ISBN: 0124105807
NAL Call No.: QR185.9 M83M86 1996
Descriptors: various enteric pathogens, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis,
Salmonella-spp., Shigella-spp., Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia-spp.
Shome, Rajeswari; Shome, B. R.; Krishnappa, G.; Raghavan, R. Diagnosis
of bovine paratuberculosis by crossed immunoelectrofocusing. Indian
Veterinary Journal. 1996; 73 (9) 911-913. ISSN: 0019-6479
NAL Call No.: 41.8 IN2
Descriptors: sonicated antigens, M. paratuberculosis, M. phlei and C.
renale, electrophoresed against bovine antiparatuberculosis serum in CrIEF with
reference to their antigenicity, antigenic sharing and specific diagnosis.
Wards, Barry J. Evaluation of defined media
suitable for isolation of auxotrophic mutants of mycobacteria. Journal
of Basic Microbiology. 1996; 36 (5) 355-362. ISSN: 0233-111X
NAL Call No.: QR1 Z4
Descriptors: 5 liquids evaluated, solid support matrices added to liquids,
Tween 80 inhibitory effect, agar inhibited, Middlebrook 7H9.
USDA and USDA
Sponsored Research
INVESTIGATOR: Cullor, J. S.
PERFORMING INSTITUTION:
Population Health & Reproduction Univ
of California
(Vet-med) Davis, California 95616
SUBJECT: The use
of micro-colony pcr for detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from bovine
manure.
OBJECTIVES: Our objective
is to assess and optimize the PCR confirmation of M. paratuberculosis
microcolonies. The primary hypothesis to be tested is that PCR analysis can be
performed on micocolonies of M. paratuberculosis appearing between 7-14 days
afer spirally plated on Middlebrook agar plates. The use of PCR on
micro-colonies will circumvent the problems of sensitivity and PCR inhibition
when this technique is used directly on broth cultures, manure or tissues.
APPROACH: Bovine manure
from clinically normal cows will first be spiked with up to 1x10(8) CFU/g of M.
paratuberculosis and decontaminated via the standard protocol used by the
California Animal Health Food Safety Laboratory (CAHFS, Davis CA). After the
decontamination step, teh samples will be spirally plated onto Middlebrooks
7H10 agar plates for micro-colony morphology detection. The spiral plates will
be incubated at 37 degrees centigrade and examined weekly for M.
paratuberculosis growth. The resulting micro-colonies will be "picked"
from the spiral plates and the DNA extracted from them. PCR amplification using
an automated LightCycler and M. paratuberculosis specific primers will then be
performed with results of a typical 30cycle reaction obtainable within 30
minutes. Primer concentration, MgCl concentration, annealing temperatures and
cycle numbers will all be assessed and adjusted for maximum sensitivity and
specificity.
NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY:
Detection of M. paratuberculosis in young cattle continues to be difficult
using current tests. In an effort to improve the sensitivity and specificity of
PCR for Johne's disease screen assays, we plan to investigate a micro-colony
PCR detection method.
PROJ CONTACT:
Name: Cullor, J. S. Phone:
559-688-1731 Fax: 559-686-4231 Email:
jscullor@ucdavis.edu
URL:
http://www.vmtrc.ucdavis.edu/dfsl/dfsl.html
INVESTIGATOR:
Griffin, J. P.
PERFORMING
INSTITUTION: Myco Research Llc 217
Racquette Dr., Suite 6
SUBJECT:
Prophylactic vaccine against Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in cattle.
OBJECTIVES:
Johne's disease, a chronic granulomatous enteritis of cattle is the result of
infection with the extremely slow growing bacillus Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis. It is estimated that 20-30% of US dairy and cattle herds are
infected with this organism with resulting combined losses to the dairy and
beef industries estimated to be between $200 million and $1 billion per year.
Current vaccine strategies utilizing non-viable mycobacteria have proven to be
largely ineffective and are currently permitted in only 3 states. We further
hypothesize, based on our extensive experience with murine models of
mycobacteria infection, that successful vaccines must incorporate proteins
contained within the Culture Filtrate (CFP) extracted from the supernatant of
mycobacteria during the log phase of growth. We propose here to vaccinate
several small groups of cattle with mixtures of M. paratuberculosis CFP
emulsified into adjuvants which have been demonstrated to promote a T helper
Type I (THI) immune response: experimentally infect these animals via oral
inoculation with a clinical isolate of M. paratuberculosis: and to monitor
these animals for the emergence of T cell populations previously associated
with protection. Animals will be analyzed for DTH response, T cell production
of IFN-g, and circulating memory T cell phenotype expression.
APPROACH:
See Objectives.
NON-TECHNICAL
SUMMARY: We anticipate that a combination of M. paratuberculosis CFP emulsified
into a TH1-promoting adjuvant will stimulate a protective T cell response in
experimentally infected cattle. This response will be characterized by an
emerging, circulating T cell population which produces significant amounts of
IFN-y in response to in vitro exposure to CFP and exhibits a shift towards a
PROJ CONTACT:
INVESTIGATOR:
Schorey, J. S.
PERFORMING
INSTITUTION: Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
46556
SUBJECT:
Defining
novel diagnostic and vaccine targets to combat Johnes disease.
OBJECTIVES:
To define new antigenic proteins of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis which can be
used as diagnostic markers and vaccine candidates for the purpose of
eliminating this pathogen from cattle. This mycobacterium is the etiological
agent of Johnes disease, a common disease in cattle. We will isolate and
characterize mycobacterial protein antigens which elicit a B cell and T cell
response in M. paratuberculosis infected cattle and test these antigens as
potential vaccine candidates using a mouse M. paratuberculosis infection model.
APPROACH:
To use PCR and genetic library screening to clone Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis genes which we hypothesize to be immunogenic in infected
cattle. The cloned genes will be expressed as recombinant proteins and tested
as diagnostic markers for Johnes diseased cattle. Specifically, serum from
infected and control cattle will be tested for antibodies to the recombinant
proteins by Western blot. We will also measure the T cell proliferative
response to these proteins using T cells isolated from infected and control
cattle and the ability of the isolated T cells to produce cytokines in response
to these recombinant proteins. To determine if these proteins would make useful
vaccine candidates, mice will be immunized with one or more of these antigens
and then challenged with M. paratuberculosis. A decrease in bacterial load at
different times post-infection would indicate a protective response intitiated
by the immunization. Additional diagnostic markers and vaccine candidates will
be defined by screening a M. paratuberculosis expression library with serum
from infected cattle. The recombinant proteins within the expression library
which show reactivity with antibodies from infected cattle will be purified and
tested in the T cell proliferation and cytokine production assays as described
above and as vaccine candidates.
NON-TECHNICAL
SUMMARY: Johnes disease is a chronic intestinal disorder particularly common
among dairy cattle and it is estimated that 24% of the dairy herds nationally
are infected. By some estimates the cost of Johnes disease to dairy farmers
exceeds 1.5 billion a year. This disease is caused by Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis, an intracellular pathogen, whose other family members include
M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy
respectively. Infected cattle shed high numbers of M. paratuberculosis through
their feces where it can spread to other members of the herd. A major interest
to dairy farmers is the development of diagnostic tools and vaccines for Johnes
disease. However, we lack the required information on what M. paratuberculosis
proteins initiate an immune response in infected cattle and which of these
proteins, when used as a vaccine, would protect the calf or cow from Johnes
disease. Nevertheless, studies with other pathogenic mycobacteria have identified
proteins which produce an immune response in infected animals, including
humans. Further, a number of these proteins were shown to protect an animal
host from an active mycobacterial disease when used as a vaccine. We have
chosen to clone the M. paratuberculosis genes corresponding to these homologous
proteins which include GroES, fibronectin attachment protein (FAP), 85abc and
the 16-KDa a-crystallin homolog. The proteins corresponding to these genes will
be expressed and tested as diagnostic markers to distinguish M.
paratuberculosis infected from non-infected cattle. The proteins will also
PROJ
CONTACT:
Name: Schorey, J. S. Phone: 219-631-3734 Fax: 219-631-7413 Email:
schorey.1@nd.edu
INVESTIGATOR:
Crabb, J. H.
PERFORMING
INSTITUTION: IMMUNCELL Corp. 56 Evergreen Dr. Portland, Maine 04103
SUBJECT: Immunomagnetic separation assay for
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
OBJECTIVES:
Johne's disease, caused by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (M. para), is a
chronic inflamatory bowel disease of ruminants. Recent literature has fueled an
as-yet unresolved debate about whether this organism is also the etiological
agent of at least some proportion of Crohn's Disease in humans. Detection of
the organism in stool is difficult due to the slow growth and fastidious nature
of M. para. hampering many of the studies of its pathogenesis and interfering
with eradication efforts in cattle. PCR-based detection of M para is highly
specific, due to the presence of a unique sequence (IS900), but extensive
sample preparation and PCR inhibitors in stool limit the sensitivity and
utility of the method.
APPROACH:
See Objectives.
NON-TECHNICAL
SUMMARY: Current testing for M. paratuberculosis in stool samples requires
extensive sample preparation, including disinfection steps that reduce the
sensitivity of culture. PCR testing of stool samples is hampered by inhibitors
of the reaction present in stool. The proposed IMS sample preparation method
would provide increased sample throughput as well as enhanced sensitivity of
detection by replacing the harsh sample preparation steps with a gentle, immune
capture step to isolate the bacteria prior to culture or PCR.
PROJ
CONTACT:
Name: Crabb, J. H. Phone:
207-878-2770 Fax: 207-878-2117 Email:
jhcrabb@aol.com
INVESTIGATOR:
Godden, S. M.; Wells, S. J.; Fetrow, J.; Feirtag, J. M.
PERFORMING
INSTITUTION: Clinical and Population Science, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
55108
SUBJECT:
Effect of pasteurizing waste milk on health and performance in dairy calves
with emphasis on Johne's disease and salmonellosis.
OBJECTIVES:
1. Describe, in a laboratory setting, the effect of pasteurization on
survivability and concentration of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in whole milk
samples artifically inoculated with known concentrations of bacteria. 2.
Describe the effect of pasteurization on survivability and concentration of
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in naturally infected waste milk when using an
on-farm pasteurization system. 3. Describe the effect of pasteurization of
waste milk on morbidity, mortality and treatment rates in calves from birth to
three months of age. 4. Describe the effect of pasteurization of waste milk on
rate of gain in calves from birth to three months of age. 5. Calculate the
economics (cost-benefit) of using an on-farm pasteurization system for feeding
pasteurized, as compared to systems feeding raw waste milk or systems feeding
commercial milk replacer.
APPROACH:
Stage 1: Laboratory Study: A commercial continuous-flow high temperature short
residence time (HTST) pasteurizer will be set up in a laboratory setting. A
series of previously commercially pasteurized samples of whole milk will be inoculated
with various concentrations of a number of different pathogenic bacteria
including M. paratuberculosis. The inoculated milk will be processed through
the pasteurizer, which involves heating to 162 degrees F for 15 to 20 seconds.
Initial innoculum levels achieved and the number of pathogenic cells surviving
heat treatment will be estimated using the appropriate culturing techniques for
each pathogen. The information acquired from this study will provide a basis
for the farm study. Stage 2: Farm Study: A commercial continuous-flow HTST
pasteurization system will be installed on a large dairy farm or heifer grower
operation. Immediately after birth, heifer calves will be fed four liters of
colostrum from a Johne's ELISA test-negative dam, weighed, placed into an
individual calf hutche, and then randomly assigned to either a treatment or
control group. Calves in the control group will receive unpasteurized waste
milk until weaning. Calves in the treatment group will receive pasteurized
waste milk until weaning (eight weeks of age). Information collected for dams
will include identification, calving date, parity, calf sex, and calf
identification number. Farm personnel will collect and freeze colostrum samples
from cows at the time of calving, and separate pre- and post-pasteurized
samples of pooled waste milk twice/week. Farm personnel will record all disease
events, treatment regimes, and mortality events for study calves up to three
months of age. Appropriate samples will be submitted to the Minnesota Veterinary
Diagnostic Laboratory to identify causes of morbidity and mortality in study
calves. Blood and fecal samples will be collected weekly from all recently
calved cows that recently delivered female calves to test for infection with M.
paratuberculosis. Fecal samples will be collected from pre-weaned calves for
the purpose of culture for detection of shedding of M. paratuberculosis. All
health and treatment records will also be collected. Finally, all study calves
will be weighed at approximately one, two and three months of age. Data will be
analyzed to describe the efficacy of pasteurization on viability of M.
Paratuberculosis in both artificially inoculated milk (laboratory setting) and
naturally infected milk (farm setting). We will compare the rate of fecal
shedding of M. paratuberculosis, and morbidity, mortality, treatment and growth
rates, in calves fed pooled pasteurized waste milk as compared to calves fed
raw waste milk. Finally, we will construct a partial budget (cost-benefit)
analysis of using an on-farm pasteurization system for feeding pooled
pasteurized waste milk, as compared to systems feeding raw waste milk or
commercial milk replacer.
NON-TECHNICAL
SUMMARY: A) The feeding of raw waste milk to calves is one important method of
transmitting Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, the agent causing Johne's disease,
as well as other infectious agents which cause diarrhea, pneumonia, septicemia
and other common calfhood diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate
the efficacy, practicality and cost-effectiveness of implementing a
pasteurization system on a commercial dairy farm.
PROJ
CONTACT:
Name: Godden, S. M. Phone:
612-625-8177 Fax: 612-625-6241 Email:
godde002@tc.umn.edu
INVESTIGATOR:
Weiss, D. J.; Abrahamsen, M.; Walcheck, B.
PERFORMING
INSTITUTION: Veterinary Pathobiology, Univ of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota
55108
SUBJECT:
Critical components of host immune response in Johne's disease.
OBJECTIVES:
To determine the capacity of M. paratuberculosis-infected calves to mount a
specific cellular immune response.
APPROACH:
Our working hypothesis is that susceptibility of calves to persistent M.
paratuberculosis-infection results from inherent differences in the capacity of
macrophages to present antigen to the immune system or of immune cells to
respond to antigens presented by macrophages. We will use an in vivo model in
which calves will be infected with M. paratuberculosis organisms. We will
sequentially monitor immune responses occurring over 6 months and evaluate the
role of CD-4+, CD-8+, and gamma delta T-lymphocytes in the immune response.
NON-TECHNICAL
SUMMARY: Johne's disease, which is caused by infection with Mycobacterium avium
subspecies paratuberculosis, has been spreading through U.S. dairy herds and is
presently a cause of major economic losses to farmers. This project examines
cellular immune mechanisms that determine whether cattle eliminate the
infection of become chronically infected.
PROJ
CONTACT:
Name: Weiss, D. J. Phone: 612-625-9242 Fax: 612-625-5203 Email:
weiss005@tc.umn.edu
INVESTIGATOR:
Reddy, C. C.
PERFORMING
INSTITUTION: Veterinary Science, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller
Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
SUBJECT:
The
Penn State FY 1999 Milk Safety Research Program.
OBJECTIVES:
The FY 1999 application for Special Research Grant funds in Milk Safety
consists of three collaborative projects whose teams include S. J. Knabel, R.
Ananthaswaran, B. Jayarao and S. Pillai (Project #1), C. Deb Roy, C. Maddox, R.
Roberts and T. Whittam (Project #2), and R. J. Warland and R. O. Hermann
(Project #3), respectively. Project #1 will test the destruction of Gram-positive
microbes during high-temperature-short time (HTST) pasteurization of milk. Two
foodborne pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes and Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis), both of potentially large health and economic impact, will
be quantified in raw milk samples collected on Pennsylvania farms and after
transport to the dairy or cooperative. The objectives include to determine (1)
the effect of sublethal heat shock on the destruction of M. paratuberculosis
during HTST pasteurization of milk; (2) the effect of sublethal heat shock on
the destruction of L. monocytogenes during HTST pasteurization of milk. It is
not known whether the current pasteurization processes completely destroy these
pathogens. This information is expected to be used to design commercial HTST
pasteurization processes for producers, to improve milk safety and dairy
profitability. Project #2 will investigate the presence of enterohemorrhagic E.
coli (EHEC), such as E. coli type O157:H7, in bulk-tank milk collected on
Pennsylvania farms. EHEC are the cause of a serious disease syndrome in humans.
Therefore information on the presence or absence of EHEC is of particular
interest to producers. Although EHEC will be destroyed by proper pasteurization
of milk, the prevalence of this pathogen in raw bulk tank milk is not known. If
these strains are prevalent and may survive the manufacture process of certain
cheeses or yogurts, then clearly it will be necessary to develop methods to
eliminate them. Tests of the ability of EHEC to withstand environmental
stresses, such as acidic and alkaline conditions, will be conducted. Treatment
with colicins, known antimicrobial compounds, may provide one approach to
destroying this pathogen. The objectives include to (1) determine the serotype
and EHEC strains in raw milk collected in different geographical regions in
Pennsylvania; (2) type the virulence factors by polymerase-chain reaction
(PCR), using a battery of primers for a total of 14 virulence genes; (3) assess
the ability of EHEC to withstand the challenges of the external environment;
(4) investigate the ability of known colicins (of which 24 are available) to
control the growth of EHEC strains in milk products. Project #3 will test the
feasibility of determining consumer concerns using a standardized phone survey
instruments to assess perceptions of the safety of milk, to provide the
industry with accurate, detailed information on the beliefs of consumers
related to milk and milk product (cheese) safety. The identification of
consumers most likely to be concerned could help to focus future educational
efforts more effectively.
APPROACH:
Project #1: Use an emersed coil apparatus for HTST treatment to test the
thermal inactivation of microorganisms at HTST pasteurization conditions. Plate
cultures on special media and determine colony growth for L. monocytogenes and
M. paratuberculosis. Conduct data analysis (decimal reduction times) and
statistical comparisons of treatments. Project #2: Identify EHEC strains by
specialized cultures; determine "O" and "H" serotypes and
presence of shiga-like toxins. Determine virulence factors using DNA
amplification by multiplex PCR and ribotyping. Assess the ability of EHEC
strains to withstand challenges of environment by exposure to acidic and
alkaline conditions; determine under growth and starvation conditions. Evaluate
temperature and salt challenges. Examine sensitivity to 24 colicins using an
overlay plating technique and Pearce Activity tests; conduct pilot tests of
ColE2-producing transformants under Cheddar cheese manufacture conditions.
Project #3: Construct a pre-test survey instrument with questions based on
survey questions previously developed by the investigators and new questions
related to milk and cheese consumption to provide important information about concerns
related to dairy product-related hazards. Conduct a national survey of 2000
telephone respondents 18 years old or older (2.2% confidence). Use computer
assisted telephone survey software to analyze data. Oversample less educated
consumers to increase the probability of including adequate numbers in the
national telephone survey. Conduct various regression tests to analyze data.
NON-TECHNICAL
SUMMARY: Milk Safety research to be conducted in FY 1999 at the Pennsylvania
State University will evaluate new pasteurization methods, use molecular assays
to test for pathogenic E. Coli in milk, and determine consumer concerns related
to the safety of the milk supply and milk products. The first project will test
the destruction by high-temperature-short time (HTST) pasteurization of
foodborne pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis)
in raw milk. Data will be collected from samples on the farm and during
transport to the dairy to answer the question whether the current pasteurization
processes completely destroy these pathogens. Other research will employ
molecular methods to investigate the presence of enterohemolytic E. coli (EHEC)
in bulk tank milk. Information on the presence or absence of EHEC would be of
interest to producers as a means of detection that could be used to certify
herds. The use of colicin (an antibacterial agent) to eliminate EHEC in food
will also be tested. A third project will utilize survey methods to determine
consumer concerns about milk safety, in order to provide the dairy industry
with accurate detailed information on beliefs related to milk and milk product
(cheese) safety. The identification of consumers most likely to be concerned
could help to focus educational efforts effectively. Together, these three
projects will provide important new information to help reduce microbiological
hazards in milk and milk products, and to understand consumer concerns so that
education can be appropriately targeted.
PROGRESS:
1999/09 TO 2001/09 Milk & milk products have been linked with outbreaks
involving contamination with deadly pathogen, E. coli. We examined the presence
of pathogenic E. coli strains, such as E. coli O157 or any Shiga-like toxin
producing E. coli (STEC) that are known to be human pathogens, in raw milk. To
determine if the consumers in PA drinking raw milk are at risk, we chose to
work with raw milk from 4 dairy farms in PA including an Amish farm. Raw milk
was collected and tested for the presence of pathogenic E. coli strains.
Diagnosis of pathogenic strains of E. coli from raw milk is complicated by the
low number of the pathogenic bacteria in total bacterial counts in raw milk. E.
coli present in the milk had to be enriched in selective media to even detect
their presence. Rainbow agar and MacConkey Sorbitol agar were used to culture
bulk tank (BT) milk with high coliform counts. Other methods were also used to
enrich E. coli in BT milk such as enriching the bacteria in Rainbow or Sorbitol
MacConkey agar before these colonies were picked. Other media were also
examined for enriching the STEC. Total number of raw milk tested in 1 yr was
383. Out of these cultures 93 cultures were found to exhibit growth in the
selective media for STEC strains. These were screened for the presence of
virulence factors by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The genes that were
tested were Shiga toxin I (stx-I), Shiga toxin-II (stx-II), attaching and
effacing gene (eae) and some of the isolates were also tested for hemolysin
(hlyA). The presence of Intimin alleles (Int allele) were determined by
multiplex PCR. Thirteen isolates were found to carry virulence factors. Shiga
toxin genes were present in 10 isolates. The other 3 isolates carried either
hemolysin or attaching and effacing gene. Three isolates carried both Shiga toxin
genes I and II. There were 4 isolates with beta- Intimin which is
characteristic of O157:H7 and its close relatives (O157:NM, O55:H7). The 3 O111
strains exhibited the presence of eae but carried a distinct allele that
differs in sequence from the others. The most common pathogenic group of E.
coli recovered in this sample are members of EHEC 2, enterohemorrhagic E. coli
(EHEC) that typically have beta-Intimin and stx 1 genes. Strains of this group
are often recovered from animal sources and cause enteric diseases in calves.
Two other EHEC are also found in the sample. The O157:H7 fits the typical
formula for the O157:H7 clone that is common in N. America; positive for
gamma-Intimin and carrying both stx genes. We evaluated the survival L.
monocytogenes and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk using the HTST
protocol. The assay was done using an Immersed coil apparatus. We found the
survival rate of heat shocked L. monocytogenes pasteurized at 71.7 degrees C to
be 10/10, 7/10, & 1/10 at 15s, 20s & 25s, respectively. About 10 `6'
cfu/ml of M. paratuberculosis (with & without heat shock treatment) was
subjected to HTST protocol. The survival rate of M. paratuberculosis varied
considerably; however, a large % of the samples survived the pasteurization process.
The findings suggest that failure in HTST systems could pose a health hazard.
IMPACT:
1999/09 TO 2001/09 Microbial food safety is an increasing public health concern
worldwide. It is estimated that each year in the US there are approximately 76
million food borne illnesses. Nearly 270,000 cases are caused by pathogenic E.
coli strains including E. coli O157:H7. Although E. coli usually cause mild to
moderate self limiting gastroenteritis, invasive diseases and complications may
occur resulting in more severe cases of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic
syndrome. While it is known that contaminated raw or undercooked red meat are
particularly important in transmitting food-borne E. coli, not much is known
about the contamination in raw milk. Since a large population in PA drinks raw
milk, investigation was conducted to determine whether the population is at
risk of food poisoning because of the presence of pathogenic E. coli strains in
raw milk. E. coli was isolated from raw milk and molecular characterization
reflected that some of these isolates carried genes that encoded virulence
attributes. The results of our study indicated that pathogenic E. coli strains
are indeed present in raw milk. It is therefore, suggested that raw milk should
be avoided so that pathogenic strains are not consumed. Consumers of raw milk
should be informed of the risk of food poisoning by education and extension
services.
PUBLICATIONS:
1999/09 TO 2001/09 No publications reported this period
INVESTIGATOR:
Christopher-Hennings, J.; Nelson, E. A.; Epperson, W.; Chase, C. C.; Henning,
D.
PERFORMING
INSTITUTION: Veterinary Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings,
South Dakota 57007
SUBJECT:
Johne's disease in cattle and buffalo (bison): A South Dakota concern.
OBJECTIVES:
1. Develop a sensitive, rapid, high-throughput, molecular diagnostic polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) technique for the detection and quantitation of
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in dairy and beef cattle, buffalo and products
such as colostrum and milk for human consumption. 2. Describe the distribution
and quantity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in young cattle, which are the
primary subclinical carriers of the organism, to identify the tissue site or
secretion which most consistently and reliably could be used for Johne's
Disease diagnosis.
APPROACH:
Diagnosis of Johne's Disease is difficult since the organism may be shed
intermittently in feces and may take 16 weeks to grow in culture. Also, serology
may detect less than half the infected animals, since antibodies develop late
after infection. Recently, voluntary Johne's Certification Programs have been
established using the antibody test in combination with culturing of the
organism to attempt eradication of this disease. However, due to poor test
sensitivity and prolonged culturing time, this is difficult. As an alternative
to culturing the organism or detecting antibodies to M. paratuberculosis, PCR
tests which can detect very small amounts of the organisms DNA have been
developed. We are currently using a PCR test for the detection Johne's Disease.
However, the conventional PCR tests are very laborious, not easily used for
quantitation and only a small number of samples can be tested at one time. An
automated, rapid, high-throughput PCR test using fluorescent probes called
molecular beacons may provide a better diagnostic test. A 96-well plate can be
used allowing for more samples to be tested at one time. Also, the system is
automated using computer software for fluorescent detection and is not as labor
intensive. The ''bacterial load' or quantity can also be evaluated, providing
information on which tissue site or secretion contains the highest numbers of
bacteria. This would provide information on which specimen would be most useful
for submission to the diagnostic laboratory for the detection of the organism.
It would also identify animals, which may be shedding large numbers of the
bacteria, allowing for better culling decisions. To evaluate this automated PCR
procedure, the sensitivity and specificity of the test will be obtained by
comparisons with culturing which is considered the gold standard. A study
involving 3-week old calves will be performed since these are the primary
subclinical carriers of the disease. The calves will be inoculated with M.
paratuberculosis, then serum, white blood cells, feces and tissue specimens
will be collected and evaluated. This study will determine which specimen
contains the highest numbers of M. paratuberculosis and would be the most
valuable for submissions for organism identification. Fourteen to 18 month old
beef calves will also be evaluated at slaughter. Tissues from these beef calves
will be collected and compared to antibody test levels in the herd to determine
whether slaughter check testing may be more valuable in the Johne's-free
certification program than antibody testing. A third study evaluating fecal
specimens from a Johne's positive buffalo herd will be obtained to determine
the usefulness of an automated, quantitative PCR procedure in diagnosing
Johne's Disease carriers in buffalo. Finally, milk and colostrum samples from a
private company in South Dakota will be evaluated by automated PCR to determine
the best method of extracting M. paratuberculosis DNA from milk and colostrum
and whether automated PCR can be used to screen milk samples for M.
paratuberculosis before and after commercial pasteurization.
NON-TECHNICAL
SUMMARY: Diagnosis of Johne's disease is difficult since current serology,
culture and PCR techniques are not adequate in identifying subclinical
carriers. We propose to develop a sensitive, rapid, high-throughput PCR for
detection and quantitation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in cattle, buffalo
and colostrum and milk products for human consumption and describe the
pathogenesis in young cattle.
PROGRESS:
2001/01 TO 2001/12 Johne's Disease is a chronic wasting disease of ruminants
caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Traditional
diagnostic methods currently include culture of feces and tissues for the
detection of the bacteria and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for antibody
detection. Since conventional culturing involves a long incubation time (12-16
weeks) and antibodies may not be detectable until late in infection,
alternative methods of diagnosis are needed. We recently developed an automated
PCR assay using fluorescent probes called molecular beacons. This PCR test was
evaluated using 41 bovine fecal samples from the 1999 and 2000 National
Veterinary Services Laboratory Proficiency Testing Program. The DNA extraction
was performed directly from bovine feces and the PCR was performed in a 96-well
plate format on an ABI PRISM 7700 Sequence Detection System. Only 1 of 41
samples was negative by the automated PCR but positive by culture. This sample
had low numbers of colony forming units (CFU) (eg. 9-12 CFU). One of 41samples
was positive by PCR whereas culture was negative. It is possible this sample
may have had bacterial DNA as detected by PCR, but not viable bacteria. The
intra and inter-assay variability was also determined as a coefficient of
variation of < 2% and < 4%, respectively. Results were quantitated using
a standard curve derived from a plasmid containing IS900, with a minimum quantity
of 1.7 x 10 -4 pg of DNA being detected, which correlated to 1 to 8 CFU. The
automated PCR is currently being used for on-going studies of the pathogenesis
of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in newborn calves and in comparisons of
bacterial detection in colostrum, feces and whole blood samples. Additional
samples from bison will also be evaluated for the presence and quantitation of
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.
IMPACT:
2001/01 TO 2001/12 Since Johne's cerification programs are being instituted
nationally, a rapid method of detecting Mycobacteriuim paratuberculosis
infected animals is needed. The real-time PCR methodology allows for multiple
samples to be evaluated and quantitated in a 96-well plate format for detection
and pathogenesis studies.
PUBLICATIONS:
2001/01 TO 2001/12 Fang, Y., Wu, W-H., Pepper, J.L., Larsen, J.L., Marras,
S.A.E., Nelson E.A., Epperson, W.B., Christopher-Hennings, J. 2002. Comparison
of real-time, quantitative PCR with molecular beacons to nested PCR and culture
methods for detection of Mycobacterium avium sbsp. paratuberculosis in bovine
fecal samples. J. Clin. Micro. 40:287-291.
PROJ
CONTACT:
Name:
Christopher-Hennings, J. Phone: 605-688-5171 Fax: 605-688-6003
Email:
Jane_Christopher-Hennings@sdstate.edu
The Animal Welfare Information Center,
awic@nal.usda.gov
http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/johnes/johnes2.htm
January 23, 2003