[House Report 115-473]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
115th Congress } { Report
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
1st Session } { 115-473
======================================================================
SUPPORTING VETERANS IN STEM CAREERS ACT
_______
December 18, 2017.--Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on
the State of the Union and ordered to be printed
_______
Mr. Smith of Texas, from the Committee on Science, Space, and
Technology, submitted the following
R E P O R T
[To accompany H.R. 4323]
[Including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office]
The Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, to whom
was referred the bill (H.R. 4323) to promote veteran
involvement in STEM education, computer science, and scientific
research, and for other purposes, having considered the same,
report favorably thereon without amendment and recommend that
the bill do pass.
CONTENTS
Page
Committee Statement and Views.................................... 1
Section-by-Section............................................... 3
Explanation of Amendments........................................ 3
Committee Consideration.......................................... 3
Application of Law to the Legislative Branch..................... 3
Statement of Oversight Findings and Recommendations of the
Committee...................................................... 4
Statement of General Performance Goals and Objectives............ 4
Duplication of Federal Programs.................................. 4
Disclosure of Directed Rule Makings.............................. 4
Federal Advisory Committee Act................................... 4
Unfunded Mandate Statement....................................... 4
Earmark Identification........................................... 4
Committee Estimate............................................... 4
Budget Authority and Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate... 5
Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill as Reported............. 6
Committee Statement and Views
PURPOSE AND SUMMARY
H.R. 4323, the ``Supporting Veterans in STEM Careers Act,''
is sponsored by Rep. Neal Dunn and Rep. Mark Takano. The
purpose of H.R. 4323 is to promote veteran involvement in
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)
education and careers, computer science, and scientific
research.
BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR LEGISLATION
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics, STEM
employment was projected to grow to more than 9 million between
2012 and 2022, an increase of about 1 million jobs over 2012
employment levels.
In the next five years, between one million and 1.5 million
members of the U.S. Armed Forces will leave the military,
according to the Department of Defense. Many of these veterans
will be seeking new careers. By a great margin, veterans cite
finding employment as their number-one need when returning
home.
Research shows that many military veterans have skills and
training that align with STEM careers, particularly in
information technology (IT). However, research also reveals
several systemic barriers veterans face as they re-enter the
workforce, including a lack of formal STEM education, career
guidance, and the difficult task of transferring military
credits to college credits.
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY
On March 9, 2017, the Research and Technology Subcommittee
held a hearing entitled, ``National Science Foundation Part 1:
Overview and Oversight.'' Witnesses were: Dr. France Cordova,
Director, National Science Foundation; Ms. Allison Lerner,
Inspector General, National Science Foundation.
On March 21, 2017, the Research and Technology Subcommittee
held a hearing entitled, ``National Science Foundation Part II:
Future Opportunities and Challenges for Science.'' Witnesses
were: Dr. Joan Ferrini-Mundy, Acting Chief Operating Officer,
National Science Foundation; Dr. Maria Zuber, Chair, National
Science Board; Dr. Jeffrey Spies, Co-Founder and Chief
Technology Officer, Center for Open Science and Assistant
Professor, University of Virginia; Dr. Keith Yamamoto, Vice
Chancellor for Science Policy and Strategy, University of
California, San Francisco.
On July 26, 2017, the Research and Technology Subcommittee
held a hearing entitled, ``STEM and Computer Science Education:
Preparing the 21st Century Workforce.'' Witnesses were: Mr.
James Brown, Executive Director, STEM Education Coalition; Mr.
Pat Yongpradit, Chief Academic Officer, Code.org; Dr. A. Paul
Alivisatos, Executive Vice Chancellor & Provost, Vice
Chancellor for Research, and Professor of Chemistry and
Materials Science & Engineering, University of California,
Berkeley; Ms. Dee Mooney, Executive Director, Micron Technology
Foundation.
On November 15, the full Committee approved by voice vote
H.R. 4323, the Supporting Veterans in STEM Careers Act.
COMMITTEE VIEWS
The Committee encourages the Director of the White House
Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), when
establishing the veterans and military families subcommittee of
the Committee on STEM Education of the cabinet-level National
Science and Technology Council (NSTC), to ensure it includes
representation from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and
other agencies and offices with expertise in veterans and
military spouse issues. The Committee also encourages the OSTP
Director to establish a public-private interface to seek input
from relevant stakeholders in the subcommittee charter.
Section-by-Section
Sec. 1. Short title
Supporting Veterans in STEM Careers Act.
Sec. 2. Definitions
This section defines the terms ``director,''
``foundation,'' ``STEM,'' and ``veteran.''
Sec. 3. Supporting veterans in STEM education and computer science
This section requires the Director of the National Science
Foundation (NSF) to encourage veterans to study and pursue STEM
and computer science careers. This section also instructs the
NSF Director to submit a report to Congress, not later than 90
days after enactment, detailing a plan for how NSF can enhance
its outreach efforts to veterans. Further, this section
requires the National Science Board to provide, in its annual
indicators of the state of U.S. science and engineering, data
on veterans' science and engineering education programs and
careers.
This section also amends the Robert Noyce Teacher
Scholarship Program, the National Science Foundation
Authorization Act of 2002, and the Cyber Security Research and
Development Act of 2002 by adding language to include veteran
outreach. Lastly, this section requires the OSTP Director to
establish a subcommittee under the NSTC Committee on STEM
Education to coordinate Federal programs and policies for
transitioning and training veterans and military spouses for
STEM careers.
Explanation of Amendments
There were no amendments to this bill.
Committee Consideration
On November 15, 2017, the Committee met in open session and
ordered reported favorably the bill, H.R. 4323, by voice vote,
a quorum being present.
Application of Law to the Legislative Branch
Section 102(b)(3) of Public Law 104-1 requires a
description of the application of this bill to the legislative
branch where the bill relates to the terms and conditions of
employment or access to public services and accommodations.
This bill would promote veteran involvement in STEM education,
computer science, and scientific research. As such this bill
does not relate to employment or access to public services and
accommodations.
Statement of Oversight Findings and Recommendations of the Committee
In compliance with clause 3(c)(1) of rule XIII and clause
(2)(b)(1) of rule X of the Rules of the House of
Representatives, the Committee's oversight findings and
recommendations are reflected in the descriptive portions of
this report.
Statement of General Performance Goals and Objectives
H.R. 4323 would promote veteran involvement in STEM
education, computer science, and scientific research.
Duplication of Federal Programs
No provision of H.R. 4323 establishes or reauthorizes a
program of the Federal Government known to be duplicative of
another Federal program, a program that was included in any
report from the Government Accountability Office to Congress
pursuant to section 21 of Public Law 111-139, or a program
related to a program identified in the most recent Catalog of
Federal Domestic Assistance.
Disclosure of Directed Rule Makings
The Committee estimates that enacting H.R. 4323 does not
direct the completion of any specific rule makings within the
meaning of 5 U.S.C. 551.
Federal Advisory Committee Act
The Committee finds that the legislation does not establish
or authorize the establishment of an advisory committee within
the definition of 5 U.S.C. App., Section 5(b).
Unfunded Mandate Statement
Section 423 of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment
Control Act (as amended by Section 101(a)(2) of the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act, P.L. 104-4) requires a statement as to
whether the provisions of the reported include unfunded
mandates. In compliance with this requirement the Committee has
received a letter from the Congressional Budget Office included
herein.
Earmark Identification
H.R. 4323 does not include any congressional earmarks,
limited tax benefits, or limited tariff benefits as defined in
clause 9 of rule XXI.
Committee Estimate
Clause 3(d)(2) of rule XIII of the Rules of the House of
Representatives requires an estimate and a comparison by the
Committee of the costs that would be incurred in carrying out
H.R. 4323. However, clause 3(d)(3)(B) of that rule provides
that this requirement does not apply when the Committee has
included in its report a timely submitted cost estimate of the
bill prepared by the Director of the Congressional Budget
Office under section 402 of the Congressional Budget Act.
Budget Authority and Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate
With respect to the requirements of clause 3(c)(2) of rule
XIII of the Rules of the House of Representatives and section
308(a) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 and with respect
to requirements of clause (3)(c)(3) of rule XIII of the Rules
of the House of Representatives and section 402 of the
Congressional Budget Act of 1974, the Committee has received
the following cost estimate for H.R. 4323 from the Director of
Congressional Budget Office:
U.S. Congress,
Congressional Budget Office,
Washington, DC, December 5, 2017.
Hon. Lamar Smith,
Chairman, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology,
House of Representatives, Washington, DC.
Dear Mr. Chairman: The Congressional Budget Office has
prepared the enclosed cost estimate for H.R. 4323, the
Supporting Veterans in STEM Careers Act.
If you wish further details on this estimate, we will be
pleased to provide them. The CBO staff contact is Janani
Shankaran.
Sincerely,
Keith Hall,
Director.
Enclosure.
H.R. 4323--Supporting Veterans in STEM Careers Act
H.R. 4323 would modify the requirements and selection
criteria of certain National Science Foundation (NSF) programs
that promote wider participation by veterans. The bill also
would require the Office of Science and Technology Policy
(OSTP) to establish a subcommittee under the existing Committee
on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)
Education to coordinate federal programs for transitioning
veterans into careers in STEM and to develop a strategic plan
to address barriers to STEM careers for veterans.
Using information from the NSF and OSTP, CBO estimates that
implementing the bill would cost $1 million over the 2018-2022
period; such spending would be subject to the availability of
appropriated funds. Most of those costs would be for OSTP
personnel to manage additional subcommittee activities and to
prepare the strategic plan.
Enacting H.R. 4323 would not affect direct spending or
revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply.
CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 4323 would not increase
net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four
consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2028.
H.R. 4323 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector
mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act.
The CBO staff contact for this estimate is Janani
Shankaran. The estimate was approved by H. Samuel Papenfuss,
Deputy Assistant Director for Budget Analysis.
Changes in Existing Law Made by the Bill, as Reported
In compliance with clause 3(e) of rule XIII of the Rules of
the House of Representatives, changes in existing law made by
the bill, as reported, are shown as follows (existing law
proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black brackets, new
matter is printed in italic, and existing law in which no
change is proposed is shown in roman):
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION AUTHORIZATION ACT OF 2002
* * * * * * *
SEC. 10. ROBERT NOYCE TEACHER SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM.
(a) Scholarship Program.--
(1) In general.--The Director shall carry out a
program to award grants to eligible entities to recruit
and train mathematics and science teachers and to
provide scholarships and stipends to individuals
participating in the program. Such program shall be
known as the ``Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship
Program''.
(2) Merit review.--Grants shall be provided under
this section on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis.
(3) Use of grants.--A grant provided under this
section shall be used by the eligible entity--
(A) to develop and implement a program to
recruit and prepare undergraduate students
majoring in science, technology, engineering,
and mathematics at the eligible entity (and
participating institutions of higher education
of the consortium, if applicable) to become
qualified as mathematics and science teachers,
through--
(i) administering scholarships in
accordance with subsection (c);
(ii) offering academic courses and
early clinical teaching experiences
designed to prepare students
participating in the program to teach
in elementary schools and secondary
schools, including such preparation as
is necessary to meet requirements for
teacher certification or licensing;
(iii) offering programs to students
participating in the program, both
before and after the students receive
their baccalaureate degree, to enable
the students to become better
mathematics and science teachers, to
fulfill the service requirements of
this section, and to exchange ideas
with others in the students' fields;
and
(iv) providing summer internships for
freshman and sophomore students
participating in the program; or
(B) to develop and implement a program to
recruit and prepare science, technology,
engineering, or mathematics professionals to
become qualified as mathematics and science
teachers, through--
(i) administering stipends in
accordance with subsection (d);
(ii) offering academic courses and
clinical teaching experiences designed
to prepare stipend recipients to teach
in elementary schools and secondary
schools served by a high need local
educational agency, including such
preparation as is necessary to meet
requirements for teacher certification
or licensing; and
(iii) offering programs to stipend
recipients, both during and after
matriculation in the program for which
the stipend is received, to enable
recipients to become better mathematics
and science teachers, to fulfill the
service requirements of this section,
and to exchange ideas with others in
the students' fields.
(4) Eligibility requirement.--
(A) In general.--To be eligible to receive a
grant under this section, an eligible entity
shall ensure that specific faculty members and
staff from the science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics departments and
specific education faculty of the eligible
entity (and participating institutions of
higher education of the consortium, if
applicable) are designated to carry out the
development and implementation of the program.
(B) Inclusion of master teachers.--An
eligible entity (and participating institutions
of higher education of the consortium, if
applicable) receiving a grant under this
section may also include master teachers in the
development of the pedagogical content of the
program and in the supervision of students
participating in the program in their clinical
teaching experiences.
(C) Active participants.--No eligible entity
(or participating institution of higher
education of the consortium, if applicable)
shall be eligible for a grant under this
section unless faculty from the science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics
departments of the eligible entity (and
participating institutions of higher education
of the consortium, if applicable) are active
participants in the program.
(5) Awards.--In awarding grants under this section,
the Director shall ensure that the eligible entities
(and participating institutions of higher education of
the consortia, if applicable) represent a variety of
types of institutions of higher education. In support
of this goal, the Director shall broadly disseminate
information about when and how to apply for grants
under this section, including by conducting outreach
to--
(A) historically Black colleges and
universities that are part B institutions, as
defined in section 322(2) of the Higher
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061(2));
[and]
(B) minority institutions, as defined in
section 365(3) of the Higher Education Act of
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067k(3))[.]; and
(C) higher education programs that serve or
support veterans.
(6) Supplement not supplant.--Grant funds provided
under this section shall be used to supplement, and not
supplant, other Federal or State funds available for
the type of activities supported by the grant.
(b) Selection Process.--
(1) Application.--An eligible entity seeking funding
under this section shall submit an application to the
Director at such time, in such manner, and containing
such information as the Director may require. The
application shall include, at a minimum--
(A) in the case of an applicant that is
submitting an application on behalf of a
consortium of institutions of higher education,
a description of the participating institutions
of higher education and the roles and
responsibilities of each such institution;
(B) a description of the program that the
applicant intends to operate, including the
number of scholarships and summer internships
or the size and number of stipends the
applicant intends to award, the type of
activities proposed for the recruitment of
students to the program, and the selection
process that will be used in awarding the
scholarships or stipends;
(C) evidence that the applicant has the
capability to administer the program in
accordance with the provisions of this section,
which may include a description of any existing
programs at the applicant eligible entity (and
participating institutions of higher education
of the consortium, if applicable) that are
targeted to the education of mathematics and
science teachers and the number of teachers
graduated annually from such programs;
(D) a description of the academic courses and
clinical teaching experiences required under
subparagraphs (A)(ii) and (B)(ii) of subsection
(a)(3), as applicable, including--
(i) a description of the
undergraduate program that will enable
a student to graduate within 5 years
with a major in science, technology,
engineering, or mathematics and to
obtain teacher certification or
licensing;
(ii) a description of the clinical
teaching experiences proposed; and
(iii) evidence of agreements between
the applicant and the schools or local
educational agencies that are
identified as the locations at which
clinical teaching experiences will
occur;
(E) a description of the programs required
under subparagraphs (A)(iii) and (B)(iii) of
subsection (a)(3), including activities to
assist new teachers in fulfilling the teachers'
service requirements under this section;
(F) an identification of the applicant
eligible entity's science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics faculty and its
education faculty (and such faculty of
participating institutions of higher education
of the consortium, if applicable) who will
carry out the development and implementation of
the program as required under subsection
(a)(4); and
(G) a description of the process the
applicant will use to fulfill the requirements
of subsection (f).
(2) Review of applications.--In evaluating the
applications submitted under paragraph (1), the
Director shall consider, at a minimum--
(A) the ability of the applicant (and the
participating institutions of higher education
of the consortium, if applicable) to
effectively carry out the program;
(B) the extent to which the applicant's
science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics faculty and its education faculty
(and such faculty of participating institutions
of higher education of the consortium, if
applicable) have worked or will work
collaboratively to design new or revised
curricula that recognize the specialized
pedagogy required to teach science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics effectively in
elementary schools and secondary schools;
(C) the extent to which the applicant (and
the participating institutions of higher
education of the consortium, if applicable) is
committed to making the program a central
organizational focus;
(D) the degree to which the proposed
programming will enable scholarship or stipend
recipients to become successful mathematics and
science teachers;
(E) the number and academic qualifications of
the students who will be served by the program;
and
(F) the ability of the applicant (and the
participating institutions of higher education
of the consortium, if applicable) to recruit
students who would otherwise not pursue a
career in teaching in elementary schools or
secondary schools [and students], students who
are individuals identified in section 33 or 34
of the Science and Engineering Equal
Opportunities Act (42 U.S.C. 1885a or 1885b),
and veterans.
(c) Scholarship Requirements.--
(1) In general.--Scholarships under this section
shall be available only to students who--
(A) are majoring in science, technology,
engineering, or mathematics; and
(B) have attained at least junior status in a
baccalaureate degree program.
(2) Selection.--Individuals shall be selected to
receive scholarships primarily on the basis of academic
merit, with consideration given to financial need and
to the goal of promoting the participation of
individuals identified in section 33 or 34 of the
Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (42
U.S.C. 1885a or 1885b) and veterans.
(3) Amount.--The Director shall establish for each
year the amount to be awarded for scholarships under
this section for that year, which shall be not less
than $10,000 per year, except that no individual shall
receive for any year more than the cost of attendance
at that individual's institution. Full-time students
may receive annual scholarships through the completion
of a baccalaureate degree program, not to exceed a
maximum of 3 years. Part-time students may receive
scholarships that are prorated according to such
students' enrollment status, not to exceed 6 years of
scholarship support.
(4) Service obligation.--If an individual receives a
scholarship under this section, such individual shall
be required to complete, within 8 years after
graduation from the baccalaureate degree program for
which the scholarship was awarded, 2 years of service
as a mathematics or science teacher for each full
scholarship award received, with a maximum service
requirement of 6 years. Service required under this
paragraph shall be performed in a high need local
educational agency.
(d) Stipends.--
(1) In general.--Stipends under this section shall be
available only to science, technology, engineering, or
mathematics professionals who, while receiving the
stipend, are enrolled in a program established under
subsection (a)(3)(B).
(2) Selection.--Individuals shall be selected to
receive stipends under this section primarily on the
basis of academic merit and professional achievement,
with consideration given to financial need and to the
goal of promoting the participation of individuals
identified in section 33 or 34 of the Science and
Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (42 U.S.C. 1885a or
1885b) and veterans.
(3) Amount and duration.--Stipends under this section
shall be not less than $10,000 per year, except that no
individual shall receive for any year more than the
cost of attendance at such individual's institution.
Individuals may receive a maximum of 1 year of stipend
support, except that if an individual is enrolled in a
part-time program, such amount shall be prorated
according to the length of the program.
(4) Service obligation.--If an individual receives a
stipend under this section, such individual shall be
required to complete, within 4 years after graduation
from the program for which the stipend was awarded, 2
years of service as a mathematics or science teacher.
Service required under this paragraph shall be
performed in a high need local educational agency.
(e) Conditions of Support.--As a condition of acceptance of a
scholarship or stipend under this section, a recipient of a
scholarship or stipend shall enter into an agreement with the
eligible entity--
(1) accepting the terms of the scholarship or stipend
pursuant to subsection (c) or subsection (d);
(2) agreeing to provide the eligible entity with
annual certification of employment and up-to-date
contact information and to participate in surveys
conducted by the eligible entity as part of an ongoing
assessment program; and
(3) establishing that if the service obligation
required under this section is not completed, all or a
portion of the scholarship or stipend received under
this section shall be repaid in accordance with
subsection (g).
(f) Collection for Noncompliance.--
(1) Monitoring compliance.--An eligible entity
receiving a grant under this section shall, as a
condition of participating in the program, enter into
an agreement with the Director to monitor the
compliance of scholarship or stipend recipients with
their respective service requirements.
(2) Collection of repayment.--
(A) In general.--In the event that a
scholarship or stipend recipient is required to
repay the scholarship or stipend under
subsection (g), the eligible entity shall--
(i) be responsible for determining
the repayment amounts and for notifying
the recipient and the Director of the
amount owed; and
(ii) collect such repayment amount
within a period of time as determined
under the agreement described in
paragraph (1), or the repayment amount
shall be treated as a loan in
accordance with subparagraph (C).
(B) Returned to treasury.--Except as provided
in subparagraph (C), any such repayment shall
be returned to the Treasury of the United
States.
(C) Retain percentage.--An eligible entity
may retain a percentage of any repayment the
eligible entity collects to defray
administrative costs associated with the
collection. The Director shall establish a
single, fixed percentage that will apply to all
eligible entities.
(g) Failure to Complete Service Obligation.--
(1) General rule.--If an individual who has received
a scholarship or stipend under this section--
(A) fails to maintain an acceptable level of
academic standing in the educational
institution in which the individual is
enrolled, as determined by the Director;
(B) is dismissed from such educational
institution for disciplinary reasons;
(C) withdraws from the program for which the
award was made before the completion of such
program;
(D) declares that the individual does not
intend to fulfill the service obligation under
this section; or
(E) fails to fulfill the service obligation
of the individual under this section,
such individual shall be liable to the United States as
provided in paragraph (2).
(2) Amount of repayment.--
(A) Less than one year of service.--If a
circumstance described in paragraph (1) occurs
before the completion of 1 year of a service
obligation under this section, the total amount
of awards received by the individual under this
section shall be repaid or such amount shall be
treated as a loan to be repaid in accordance
with subparagraph (C).
(B) More than one year of service.--If a
circumstance described in subparagraph (D) or
(E) of paragraph (1) occurs after the
completion of 1 year of a service obligation
under this section--
(i) for a scholarship recipient, the
total amount of scholarship awards
received by the individual under this
section, reduced by the ratio of the
number of years of service completed
divided by the number of years of
service required, shall be repaid or
such amount shall be treated as a loan
to be repaid in accordance with
subparagraph (C); and
(ii) for a stipend recipient, one-
half of the total amount of stipends
received by the individual under this
section shall be repaid or such amount
shall be treated as a loan to be repaid
in accordance with subparagraph (C).
(C) Repayments.--The loans described under
subparagraphs (A) and (B) shall be payable to
the Federal Government, consistent with the
provisions of part B or D of title IV of the
Higher Education Act of 1965, and shall be
subject to repayment in accordance with terms
and conditions specified by the Director (in
consultation with the Secretary of Education)
in regulations promulgated to carry out this
paragraph.
(3) Exceptions.--The Director may provide for the
partial or total waiver or suspension of any service or
payment obligation by an individual under this section
whenever compliance by the individual with the
obligation is impossible or would involve extreme
hardship to the individual, or if enforcement of such
obligation with respect to the individual would be
unconscionable.
(h) Data Collection.--An eligible entity receiving a grant
under this section shall supply to the Director any relevant
statistical and demographic data on scholarship and stipend
recipients the Director may request, including information on
employment required under this section.
(i) Definitions.--In this section--
(1) the term ``cost of attendance'' has the meaning
given such term in section 472 of the Higher Education
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087ll);
(2) the term ``eligible entity'' means--
(A) an institution of higher education; or
(B) an institution of higher education that
receives grant funds on behalf of a consortium
of institutions of higher education;
(3) the term ``fellowship'' means an award to an
individual under section 10A;
(4) the term ``high need local educational agency''
has the meaning given such term in section 201 of the
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1021);
(5) the term ``mathematics and science teacher''
means a science, computer science, technology,
engineering, or mathematics teacher at the elementary
school or secondary school level;
(6) the term ``scholarship'' means an award under
subsection (c);
(7) the term ``science, technology, engineering, or
mathematics professional'' means a person who holds a
baccalaureate, master's, or doctoral degree in science,
technology, engineering, or mathematics, and is working
in or had a career in such field or a related area; and
(8) the term ``stipend'' means an award under
subsection (d).
(j) Mathematics and Science Scholarship Gift Fund.--In
accordance with section 11(f) of the National Science
Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1870(f)), the Director is
authorized to accept donations from the private sector to
supplement but not supplant scholarships, stipends,
internships, or fellowships associated with programs under this
section or section 10A.
(k) Assessment of Teacher Service and Retention.--Not later
than 4 years after the date of enactment of the America
COMPETES Act, the Director shall transmit to the Committee on
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the
Committee on Science and Technology of the House of
Representatives a report on the effectiveness of the programs
carried out under this section and section 10A. The report
shall include the proportion of individuals receiving
scholarships, stipends, or fellowships under the program who--
(1) fulfill the individuals' service obligation
required under this section or section 10A;
(2) remain in the teaching profession beyond the
individuals' service obligation; and
(3) remain in the teaching profession in a high need
local educational agency beyond the individuals'
service obligation.
(l) Evaluation.--Not less than 2 years after the date of
enactment of the America COMPETES Act, the Director, in
consultation with the Secretary of Education, shall conduct an
evaluation to determine whether the scholarships, stipends, and
fellowships authorized under this section and section 10A have
been effective in increasing the numbers of high-quality
mathematics and science teachers teaching in high need local
educational agencies and whether there continue to exist
significant shortages of such teachers in high need local
educational agencies.
SEC. 10A. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION TEACHING FELLOWSHIPS AND MASTER
TEACHING FELLOWSHIPS.
(a) In General.--
(1) Grants.--
(A) In general.--As part of the Robert Noyce
Teacher Scholarship Program established under
section 10, the Director shall establish a
separate program to award grants to eligible
entities to enable such entities to administer
fellowships in accordance with this section.
(B) Definitions.--The terms used in this
section have the meanings given the terms in
section 10.
(2) Fellowships.--Fellowships under this section
shall be available only to--
(A) science, technology, engineering, or
mathematics professionals, including retiring
professionals in those fields, who shall be
referred to as ``National Science Foundation
Teaching Fellows'' and who, in the first year
of the fellowship, are enrolled in a master's
degree program leading to teacher certification
or licensing; and
(B) mathematics and science teachers, who
shall be referred to as ``National Science
Foundation Master Teaching Fellows'' and who
possess a master's or bachelor's degree in
their field.
(b) Eligibility.--In order to be eligible to receive a grant
under this section, an eligible entity shall enter into a
partnership that shall include--
(1) a department within an institution of higher
education participating in the partnership that
provides an advanced program of study in mathematics
and science;
(2)(A) a school or department within an institution
of higher education participating in the partnership
that provides a teacher preparation program; or
(B) a 2-year institution of higher education that has
a teacher preparation offering or a dual enrollment
program with an institution of higher education
participating in the partnership;
(3) not less than 1 high need local educational
agency and a public school or a consortium of public
schools served by the agency; and
(4) 1 or more nonprofit organizations that have a
demonstrated record of capacity to provide expertise or
support to meet the purposes of this section.
(c) Use of Grants.--Grants awarded under this section shall
be used by the eligible entity (and participating institutions
of higher education of the consortium, if applicable) to
develop and implement a program for National Science Foundation
Teaching Fellows or National Science Foundation Master Teaching
Fellows, through--
(1) administering fellowships in accordance with this
section, including providing the teaching fellowship
salary supplements described in subsection (f);
(2) in the case of National Science Foundation
Teaching Fellowships--
(A) offering academic courses and clinical
teaching experiences leading to a master's
degree and designed to prepare individuals to
teach in elementary schools and secondary
schools, including such preparation as is
necessary to meet the requirements for
certification or licensing; and
(B) offering programs both during and after
matriculation in the program for which the
fellowship is received to enable fellows to
become highly effective mathematics and science
teachers, including mentoring, training,
induction, and professional development
activities, to fulfill the service requirements
of this section, including the requirements of
subsection (e), and to exchange ideas with
others in their fields;
(3) in the case of National Science Foundation Master
Teaching Fellowships for teachers with master's degrees
in their field--
(A) offering academic courses and leadership
training to prepare individuals to become
master teachers in elementary schools and
secondary schools; and
(B) offering programs both during and after
matriculation in the program for which the
fellowship is received to enable fellows to
become highly effective mathematics and science
teachers, including mentoring, training,
induction, and professional development
activities, to fulfill the service requirements
of this section, including the requirements of
subsection (e), and to exchange ideas with
others in their fields; and
(4) in the case of National Science Foundation Master
Teaching Fellowships for teachers with bachelor's
degrees in their field and working toward a master's
degree--
(A) offering academic courses leading to a
master's degree and leadership training to
prepare individuals to become master teachers
in elementary and secondary schools; and
(B) offering programs both during and after
matriculation in the program for which the
fellowship is received to enable fellows to
become highly effective mathematics and science
teachers, including mentoring, training,
induction, and professional development
activities, to fulfill the service requirements
of this section, including the requirements of
subsection (e), and to exchange ideas with
others in their fields.
(d) Selection Process.--
(1) Merit review.--Grants shall be awarded under this
section on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis.
(2) Applications.--An eligible entity desiring a
grant under this section shall submit an application to
the Director at such time, in such manner, and
containing such information as the Director may
require. The application shall include, at a minimum--
(A) in the case of an applicant that is
submitting an application on behalf of a
consortium of institutions of higher education,
a description of the participating institutions
of higher education and the roles and
responsibilities of each such institution;
(B) a description of the program that the
applicant intends to operate, including the
number of fellowships the applicant intends to
award, the type of activities proposed for the
recruitment of students to the program, and the
amount of the teaching fellowship salary
supplements to be provided in accordance with
subsection (f);
(C) evidence that the applicant has the
capability to administer the program in
accordance with the provisions of this section,
which may include a description of any existing
programs at the applicant eligible entity (and
participating institutions of higher education
of the consortium, if applicable) that are
targeted to the education of mathematics and
science teachers and the number of teachers
graduated annually from such programs;
(D) in the case of National Science
Foundation Teaching Fellowships, a description
of--
(i) the selection process that will
be used in awarding fellowships,
including a description of the rigorous
measures to be used, including the
rigorous, nationally recognized
assessments to be used, in order to
determine whether individuals applying
for fellowships have advanced content
knowledge of science, technology,
engineering, or mathematics;
(ii) the academic courses and
clinical teaching experiences described
in subsection (c)(2)(A), including--
(I) a description of an
educational program that will
enable a student to obtain a
master's degree and teacher
certification or licensing
within 1 year; and
(II) evidence of agreements
between the applicant and the
schools or local educational
agencies that are identified as
the locations at which clinical
teaching experiences will
occur;
(iii) a description of the programs
described in subsection (c)(2)(B),
including activities to assist
individuals in fulfilling their service
requirements under this section;
(E) evidence that the eligible entity will
provide the teaching supplements required under
subsection (f); and
(F) a description of the process the
applicant will use to fulfill the requirements
of section 10(f).
(3) Criteria.--In evaluating the applications
submitted under paragraph (2), the Director shall
consider, at a minimum--
(A) the ability of the applicant (and
participating institutions of higher education
of the consortium, if applicable) to
effectively carry out the program and to meet
the requirements of subsection (f);
(B) the extent to which the mathematics,
science, or engineering faculty and the
education faculty at the eligible entity (and
participating institutions of higher education
of the consortium, if applicable) have worked
or will work collaboratively to design new or
revised curricula that recognizes the
specialized pedagogy required to teach science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics
effectively in elementary schools and secondary
schools;
(C) the extent to which the applicant (and
participating institutions of higher education
of the consortium, if applicable) is committed
to making the program a central organizational
focus;
(D) the degree to which the proposed
programming will enable participants to become
highly effective mathematics and science
teachers and prepare such participants to
assume leadership roles in their schools, in
addition to their regular classroom duties,
including serving as mentor or master teachers,
developing curriculum, and assisting in the
development and implementation of professional
development activities;
(E) the number and quality of the individuals
that will be served by the program; and
(F) in the case of the National Science
Foundation Teaching Fellowship, the ability of
the applicant (and participating institutions
of higher education of the consortium, if
applicable) to recruit individuals who would
otherwise not pursue a career in teaching [and
individuals], individuals identified in section
33 or 34 of the Science and Engineering Equal
Opportunities Act (42 U.S.C. 1855a or 1855b),
and veterans.
(4) Selection of fellows.--
(A) In general.--Individuals shall be
selected to receive fellowships under this
section primarily on the basis of--
(i) professional achievement;
(ii) academic merit;
(iii) content knowledge of science,
technology, engineering, or
mathematics, as demonstrated by their
performance on an assessment in
accordance with paragraph (2)(D)(i);
and
(iv) in the case of National Science
Foundation Master Teaching Fellows,
demonstrated success in improving
student academic achievement in
science, technology, engineering, or
mathematics.
(B) Promoting participation of certain
individuals.--Among individuals demonstrating
equivalent qualifications, consideration may be
given to the goal of promoting the
participation of individuals identified in
section 33 or 34 of the Science and Engineering
Equal Opportunities Act (42 U.S.C. 1885a or
1885b) and veterans.
(e) Duties of National Science Foundation Teaching Fellows
and Master Teaching Fellows.--A National Science Foundation
Teaching Fellow or a National Science Foundation Master
Teaching Fellow, while fulfilling the service obligation under
subsection (h) and in addition to regular classroom activities,
shall take on a leadership role within the school or local
educational agency in which the fellow is employed, as defined
by the partnership according to such fellow's expertise,
including serving as a mentor or master teacher, developing
curricula, and assisting in the development and implementation
of professional development activities.
(f) Teaching Fellowship Salary Supplements.--
(1) In general.--An eligible entity receiving a grant
under this section shall provide salary supplements to
individuals who participate in the program under this
section during the period of their service obligation
under subsection (h). A local educational agency
through which the service obligation is fulfilled shall
agree not to reduce the base salary normally paid to an
individual solely because such individual receives a
salary supplement under this subsection.
(2) Amount and duration.--
(A) Amount.--Salary supplements provided
under paragraph (1) shall be not less than
$10,000 per year, except that, in the case of a
National Science Foundation Teaching Fellow,
while enrolled in the master's degree program
as described in subsection (c)(2)(A), such
fellow shall receive not more than the cost of
attendance at such fellow's institution.
(B) Support while enrolled in master's degree
program.--A National Science Foundation
Teaching Fellow may receive a maximum of 1 year
of fellowship support while enrolled in a
master's degree program as described in
subsection (c)(2)(A), except that if such
fellow is enrolled in a part-time program, such
amount shall be prorated according to the
length of the program.
(C) Duration of support.--An eligible entity
receiving a grant under this section shall
provide teaching fellowship salary supplements
through the period of the fellow's service
obligation under subsection (h).
(g) Support for Master Teaching Fellows While Enrolled in a
Master's Degree Program.--A National Science Foundation Master
Teacher Fellow may receive a maximum of 1 year of fellowship
support while enrolled in a master's degree program as
described in subsection (c)(4)(A), except that if such fellow
is enrolled in a part-time program, such amount shall be
prorated according to the length of the program.
(h) Service Obligation.--An individual awarded a fellowship
under this section shall serve as a mathematics or science
teacher in an elementary school or secondary school served by a
high need local educational agency for--
(1) in the case of a National Science Foundation
Teaching Fellow, 4 years, to be fulfilled within 6
years of completing the master's program described in
subsection (c)(2)(A); and
(2) in the case of a National Science Foundation
Master Teaching Fellow, 5 years, to be fulfilled within
7 years of the start of participation in the program
under subsection (c)(3).
(i) Matching Requirement.--
(1) In general.--An eligible entity receiving a grant
under this section shall provide, from non-Federal
sources, to carry out the activities supported by the
grant--
(A) in the case of grants in an amount of
less than $1,500,000, an amount equal to at
least 30 percent of the amount of the grant, at
least one half of which shall be in cash; and
(B) in the case of grants in an amount of
$1,500,000 or more, an amount equal to at least
50 percent of the amount of the grant, at least
one half of which shall be in cash.
(2) Waiver.--The Director may waive all or part of
the matching requirement described in paragraph (1) for
any fiscal year for an eligible entity receiving a
grant under this section, if the Director determines
that applying the matching requirement would result in
serious hardship or inability to carry out the
authorized activities described in this section.
(j) Conditions of Support; Collection for Noncompliance;
Failure to Complete Service Obligation; Data Collection.--
(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2),
subsections (e), (f), (g), and (h) of section 10 shall
apply to eligible entities and recipients of
fellowships under this section, as applicable, in the
same manner as such subsections apply to eligible
entities and recipients of scholarships and stipends
under section 10, as applicable.
(2) Amount of repayment.--If a circumstance described
in subparagraph (D) or (E) of section 10(g)(1) occurs
after the completion of 1 year of a service obligation
under this section--
(A) for a National Science Foundation
Teaching Fellow, the total amount of fellowship
award received by the individual under this
section while enrolled in the master's degree
program, reduced by one-fourth of the total
amount for each year of service completed, plus
one-half of the total teaching fellowship
salary supplements received by such individual
under this section, shall be repaid or such
amount shall be treated as a loan to be repaid
in accordance with section 10(g)(1)(C); and
(B) for a National Science Foundation Master
Teaching Fellow, the total amount of teaching
fellowship salary supplements received by the
individual under this section, reduced by one-
half, shall be repaid or such amount shall be
treated as a loan to be repaid in accordance
with section 10(g)(1)(C).
(k) STEM Teacher Service and Retention.--
(1) In general.--The Director shall develop and
implement practices for increasing the proportion of
individuals receiving fellowships under this section
who--
(A) fulfill the service obligation required
under subsection (h); and
(B) remain in the teaching profession in a
high need local educational agency beyond the
service obligation.
(2) Practices.--The practices described under
paragraph (1) may include--
(A) partnering with nonprofit or professional
associations or with other government entities
to provide individuals receiving fellowships
under this section with opportunities for
professional development, including mentorship
programs that pair those individuals with
currently employed and recently retired
science, technology, engineering, mathematics,
or computer science professionals;
(B) increasing recruitment from high need
districts;
(C) establishing a system to better collect,
track, and respond to data on the career
decisions of individuals receiving fellowships
under this section;
(D) conducting research to better understand
factors relevant to teacher service and
retention, including factors specifically
impacting the retention of teachers who are
individuals identified in sections 33 and 34 of
the Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities
Act (42 U.S.C. 1885a, 1885b); and
(E) conducting pilot programs to improve
teacher service and retention.
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CYBER SECURITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACT
* * * * * * *
SEC. 5. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION COMPUTER AND NETWORK SECURITY
PROGRAMS.
(a) Computer and Network Security Capacity Building Grants.--
(1) In general.--The Director shall establish a
program to award grants to institutions of higher
education (or consortia thereof) to establish or
improve undergraduate and master's degree programs in
computer and network security, to increase the number
of students, including the number of students from
groups historically underrepresented in these fields
and students who are veterans, who pursue undergraduate
or master's degrees in fields related to computer and
network security, and to provide students with
experience in government or industry related to their
computer and network security studies.
(2) Merit review.--Grants shall be awarded under this
subsection on a merit-reviewed competitive basis.
(3) Use of funds.--Grants awarded under this
subsection shall be used for activities that enhance
the ability of an institution of higher education (or
consortium thereof) to provide high-quality
undergraduate and master's degree programs in computer
and network security and to recruit and retain
increased numbers of students to such programs.
Activities may include--
(A) revising curriculum to better prepare
undergraduate and master's degree students for
careers in computer and network security;
(B) establishing degree and certificate
programs in computer and network security;
(C) creating opportunities for undergraduate
students to participate in computer and network
security research projects;
(D) acquiring equipment necessary for student
instruction in computer and network security,
including the installation of testbed networks
for student use;
(E) providing opportunities for faculty to
work with local or Federal Government agencies,
private industry, nonprofit research
institutions, or other academic institutions to
develop new expertise or to formulate new
research directions in computer and network
security;
(F) establishing collaborations with other
academic institutions or academic departments
that seek to establish, expand, or enhance
programs in computer and network security;
(G) establishing student internships in
computer and network security at government
agencies or in private industry;
(H) establishing collaborations with other
academic institutions to establish or enhance a
web-based collection of computer and network
security courseware and laboratory exercises
for sharing with other institutions of higher
education, including community colleges;
(I) establishing or enhancing bridge programs
in computer and network security between
community colleges and universities; [and]
(J) creating opportunities for veterans to
transition to careers in computer and network
security; and
[(J)] (K) any other activities the Director
determines will accomplish the goals of this
subsection.
(4) Selection process.--
(A) Application.--An institution of higher
education (or a consortium thereof) seeking
funding under this subsection shall submit an
application to the Director at such time, in
such manner, and containing such information as
the Director may require. The application shall
include, at a minimum--
(i) a description of the applicant's
computer and network security research
and instructional capacity, and in the
case of an application from a
consortium of institutions of higher
education, a description of the role
that each member will play in
implementing the proposal;
(ii) a comprehensive plan by which
the institution or consortium will
build instructional capacity in
computer and information security;
(iii) a description of relevant
collaborations with government agencies
or private industry that inform the
instructional program in computer and
network security;
(iv) a survey of the applicant's
historic student enrollment and
placement data in fields related to
computer and network security and a
study of potential enrollment and
placement for students enrolled in the
proposed computer and network security
program; and
(v) a plan to evaluate the success of
the proposed computer and network
security program, including post-
graduation assessment of graduate
school and job placement and retention
rates as well as the relevance of the
instructional program to graduate study
and to the workplace.
(B) Awards.--(i) The Director shall ensure,
to the extent practicable, that grants are
awarded under this subsection in a wide range
of geographic areas and categories of
institutions of higher education, including
minority serving institutions.
(ii) The Director shall award grants under
this subsection for a period not to exceed 5
years.
(5) Assessment required.--The Director shall evaluate
the program established under this subsection no later
than 6 years after the establishment of the program. At
a minimum, the Director shall evaluate the extent to
which the program achieved its objectives of increasing
the quality and quantity of students, including
students from groups historically underrepresented in
computer and network security related disciplines,
pursuing undergraduate or master's degrees in computer
and network security.
(6) Authorization of appropriations.--There are
authorized to be appropriated to the National Science
Foundation to carry out this subsection--
(A) $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(B) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(C) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2005;
(D) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; and
(E) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2007.
(b) Scientific and Advanced Technology Act of 1992.--
(1) Grants.--The Director shall provide grants under
the Scientific and Advanced Technology Act of 1992 (42
U.S.C. 1862i) for the purposes of section 3(a) and (b)
of that Act, except that the activities supported
pursuant to this subsection shall be limited to
improving education in fields related to computer and
network security.
(2) Authorization of appropriations.--There are
authorized to be appropriated to the National Science
Foundation to carry out this subsection--
(A) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(B) $1,250,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(C) $1,250,000 for fiscal year 2005;
(D) $1,250,000 for fiscal year 2006; and
(E) $1,250,000 for fiscal year 2007.
(c) Graduate Traineeships in Computer and Network Security
Research.--
(1) In general.--The Director shall establish a
program to award grants to institutions of higher
education to establish traineeship programs for
graduate students who pursue computer and network
security research leading to a doctorate degree by
providing funding and other assistance, and by
providing graduate students with research experience in
government or industry related to the students'
computer and network security studies.
(2) Merit review.--Grants shall be provided under
this subsection on a merit-reviewed competitive basis.
(3) Use of funds.--An institution of higher education
shall use grant funds for the purposes of--
(A) providing traineeships to students who
are citizens, nationals, or lawfully admitted
permanent resident aliens of the United States
and are pursuing research in computer or
network security leading to a doctorate degree;
(B) paying tuition and fees for students
receiving traineeships under subparagraph (A);
(C) establishing scientific internship
programs for students receiving traineeships
under subparagraph (A) in computer and network
security at for-profit institutions, nonprofit
research institutions, or government
laboratories; and
(D) other costs associated with the
administration of the program.
(4) Traineeship amount.--Traineeships provided under
paragraph (3)(A) shall be in the amount of $25,000 per
year, or the level of the National Science Foundation
Graduate Research Fellowships, whichever is greater,
for up to 3 years.
(5) Selection process.--An institution of higher
education seeking funding under this subsection shall
submit an application to the Director at such time, in
such manner, and containing such information as the
Director may require. The application shall include, at
a minimum, a description of--
(A) the instructional program and research
opportunities in computer and network security
available to graduate students at the
applicant's institution; and
(B) the internship program to be established,
including the opportunities that will be made
available to students for internships at for-
profit institutions, nonprofit research
institutions, and government laboratories.
(6) Review of applications.--In evaluating the
applications submitted under paragraph (5), the
Director shall consider--
(A) the ability of the applicant to
effectively carry out the proposed program;
(B) the quality of the applicant's existing
research and education programs;
(C) the likelihood that the program will
recruit increased numbers of students,
including students from groups historically
underrepresented in computer and network
security related disciplines or veterans,, to
pursue and earn doctorate degrees in computer
and network security;
(D) the nature and quality of the internship
program established through collaborations with
government laboratories, nonprofit research
institutions, and for-profit institutions;
(E) the integration of internship
opportunities into graduate students' research;
and
(F) the relevance of the proposed program to
current and future computer and network
security needs.
(7) Authorization of appropriations.--There are
authorized to be appropriated to the National Science
Foundation to carry out this subsection--
(A) $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2003;
(B) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2004;
(C) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2005;
(D) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; and
(E) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2007.
(d) Graduate Research Fellowships Program Support.--Computer
and network security shall be included among the fields of
specialization supported by the National Science Foundation's
Graduate Research Fellowships program under section 10 of the
National Science Foundation Act of 1950 (42 U.S.C. 1869).
(e) Cyber Security Faculty Development Traineeship Program.--
(1) In general.--The Director shall establish a
program to award grants to institutions of higher
education to establish traineeship programs to enable
graduate students to pursue academic careers in cyber
security upon completion of doctoral degrees.
(2) Merit review; competition.--Grants shall be
awarded under this section on a merit-reviewed
competitive basis.
(3) Application.--Each institution of higher
education desiring to receive a grant under this
subsection shall submit an application to the Director
at such time, in such manner, and containing such
information as the Director shall require.
(4) Use of funds.--Funds received by an institution
of higher education under this paragraph shall--
(A) be made available to individuals on a
merit-reviewed competitive basis and in
accordance with the requirements established in
paragraph (7);
(B) be in an amount that is sufficient to
cover annual tuition and fees for doctoral
study at an institution of higher education for
the duration of the graduate traineeship, and
shall include, in addition, an annual living
stipend of $25,000; and
(C) be provided to individuals for a duration
of no more than 5 years, the specific duration
of each graduate traineeship to be determined
by the institution of higher education, on a
case-by-case basis.
(5) Repayment.--Each graduate traineeship shall--
(A) subject to paragraph (5)(B), be subject
to full repayment upon completion of the
doctoral degree according to a repayment
schedule established and administered by the
institution of higher education;
(B) be forgiven at the rate of 20 percent of
the total amount of the graduate traineeship
assistance received under this section for each
academic year that a recipient is employed as a
full-time faculty member at an institution of
higher education for a period not to exceed 5
years; and
(C) be monitored by the institution of higher
education receiving a grant under this
subsection to ensure compliance with this
subsection.
(6) Exceptions.--The Director may provide for the
partial or total waiver or suspension of any service
obligation or payment by an individual under this
section whenever compliance by the individual is
impossible or would involve extreme hardship to the
individual, or if enforcement of such obligation with
respect to the individual would be unconscionable.
(7) Eligibility.--To be eligible to receive a
graduate traineeship under this section, an individual
shall--
(A) be a citizen, national, or lawfully
admitted permanent resident alien of the United
States; and
(B) demonstrate a commitment to a career in
higher education.
(8) Consideration.--In making selections for graduate
traineeships under this paragraph, an institution
receiving a grant under this subsection shall consider,
to the extent possible, a diverse pool of applicants
whose interests are of an interdisciplinary nature,
encompassing the social scientific as well as the
technical dimensions of cyber security.
(9) Authorization of appropriations.--There are
authorized to be appropriated to the National Science
Foundation to carry out this paragraph $5,000,000 for
each of fiscal years 2003 through 2007.
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